Nursing Elites

1. What is the main function of the epiglottis?

• A. To store bile
• B. To absorb nutrients
• C. To prevent food from entering the trachea
• D. To produce digestive enzymes

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: The epiglottis is a flap of cartilage located at the base of the tongue that covers the opening of the trachea during swallowing to prevent food and liquids from entering the airway. This action helps direct food and liquids into the esophagus, which leads to the stomach for digestion, while also protecting the respiratory system from potential blockages that could lead to choking or aspiration pneumonia. Options A, B, and D are incorrect as the epiglottis is not involved in storing bile, absorbing nutrients, or producing digestive enzymes.

2. A water fountain has a spherical base (diameter 50cm) and a cylindrical body (diameter 30cm, height 80cm) on top. What is the total surface area of the fountain (excluding the water surface)?

• A. 3142 sq cm
• B. 4712 sq cm
• C. 5486 sq cm
• D. 7957 sq cm

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Calculate the surface area of the sphere and the cylinder separately, then add them up.

3. Ectopic pregnancy is a serious condition that occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus. What is the most common location for an ectopic pregnancy?

• A. Ovary
• B. Fallopian tube
• C. Cervix
• D. Vagina

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Fallopian tube. The fallopian tube is the most common location for an ectopic pregnancy to occur. This is because the fertilized egg typically gets stuck or implants in the fallopian tube instead of traveling to the uterus for normal implantation. If left untreated, an ectopic pregnancy in the fallopian tube can lead to serious complications such as tubal rupture and internal bleeding. The other options (ovary, cervix, vagina) are not typical sites for implantation of a fertilized egg and are less likely to result in an ectopic pregnancy.

4. What is the electron configuration of an atom?

• A. The arrangement of electrons in an atom's orbitals.
• B. The number of protons in an atom's nucleus.
• C. The number of neutrons in an atom's nucleus.
• D. The number of electrons in an atom's valence shell.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The electron configuration of an atom refers to the arrangement of electrons in the atom's orbitals. This arrangement determines the atom's chemical properties and behavior. The number of protons in an atom's nucleus (option B) is known as the atomic number, while the number of neutrons in an atom's nucleus (option C) contributes to the atom's mass number. The number of electrons in an atom's valence shell (option D) is important for understanding the atom's reactivity and bonding behavior.

5. What tool helps scientists identify and classify organisms based on their shared characteristics?

• A. Binomial nomenclature
• B. Cladistics
• C. Dichotomous key
• D. Domain-based classification

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: A) Binomial nomenclature is a system used to give each organism a two-part scientific name (genus and species) but does not help in identifying or classifying organisms based on shared characteristics. B) Cladistics is a method of classification based on evolutionary relationships and shared characteristics, but it is not a tool used for identifying organisms. C) Dichotomous key is a tool that helps scientists identify and classify organisms based on their shared characteristics by presenting a series of choices leading the user to the correct identification. D) Domain-based classification is a system of classification that groups organisms into three domains (Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya) based on molecular and genetic similarities, but it is not a tool used for identifying organisms based on shared characteristics.

6. What is the term for a solution that has exactly the same concentration of solute as another solution?

• A. Saturated solution
• B. Unsaturated solution
• C. Isotonic solution
• D. Concentrated solution

Correct answer: c

Rationale: An isotonic solution has the same concentration of solute as another solution. The other choices do not accurately describe an isotonic solution.

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