Nursing Elites

1. Electrons occupy specific energy levels around the nucleus, but not in fixed orbits. This concept is captured by the:

• A. Bohr model
• B. Quantum mechanical model
• C. Lewis structure
• D. Octet rule

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Quantum mechanical model. Unlike the Bohr model with its defined electron paths, the quantum mechanical model uses probability distributions to describe electron locations within energy levels.

2. Which of the following is NOT a type of intermolecular force?

• A. Hydrogen bonding
• B. Dipole-dipole interactions
• C. Ionic bonding
• D. London dispersion forces

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Ionic bonding is a type of intramolecular force, holding ions together within an ionic compound. Intermolecular forces are responsible for the interactions between individual molecules.

3. Which law of motion states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction?

• A. Newton's First Law
• B. Newton's Second Law
• C. Newton's Third Law
• D. Law of Universal Gravitation

Correct answer: c

Rationale: Newton's Third Law states the action-reaction principle.

4. The ball-and-socket joint, which allows for wide range of motion, is found in the connection between:

• A. Upper arm and shoulder blade (scapula)
• B. Collarbone (clavicle) and breastbone (sternum)
• C. Two vertebrae in the spine
• D. Ribs and sternum

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Upper arm and shoulder blade (scapula).' The ball-and-socket joint is found in the connection between the humerus (upper arm bone) and the scapula (shoulder blade). This joint allows for a wide range of motion, including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation. The collarbone (clavicle) and breastbone (sternum) are connected by a cartilaginous joint, not a ball-and-socket joint. Two vertebrae in the spine are connected by facet joints, and the ribs and sternum are connected by cartilaginous joints and the costovertebral joints. Therefore, the ball-and-socket joint is uniquely found in the connection between the upper arm and the shoulder blade, allowing for the shoulder's impressive range of motion.

5. Which statement correctly describes the concept of ionization energy?

• A. The energy required to remove an electron from an outermost shell.
• B. The energy released when an electron bonds with an atom.
• C. The total energy possessed by all electrons in an atom.
• D. The energy needed to change an atom's nucleus.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The energy required to remove an electron from an outermost shell. Ionization energy varies depending on the element and electron configuration, indicating its difficulty to lose electrons and influencing its reactivity.

6. A lampshade is shaped like a frustum of a cone, with base diameters of 20cm and 10cm and a height of 15cm. What is its volume?

• A. 625 cu cm
• B. 1250 cu cm
• C. 1875 cu cm
• D. 2500 cu cm

Correct answer: C

Rationale: This requires dividing the frustum into two cones and calculating their individual volumes before subtracting them. The formula for a cone frustum involves the radii of both bases and the height.

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