Nursing Elites

1. Which term describes the ability of a muscle to return to its original length and shape after being stretched or contracted?

• A. Contractility
• B. Elasticity
• C. Extensibility
• D. Excitability

Correct answer: b

Rationale: The correct answer is B: "Elasticity." Elasticity is the term that describes the ability of a muscle to return to its original length and shape after being stretched or contracted. Contractility refers to the muscle's ability to contract forcefully, extensibility is the ability of a muscle to be stretched without being damaged, and excitability is the ability of a muscle to respond to stimuli. In this context, elasticity specifically pertains to the muscle's ability to bounce back to its original form, making it the most appropriate term in relation to the question.

2. Which phenomenon describes the separation of light into its component colors when passing through a prism?

• A. Refraction
• B. Diffraction
• C. Dispersion
• D. Reflection

Correct answer: c

Rationale: Dispersion occurs when light passes through a prism, causing different wavelengths (colors) to separate due to their varying speeds through the medium.

3. What figure of speech is used in the statement "His words were a dagger to my heart"?

• A. Metonymy
• B. Simile
• C. Metaphor (Correct)
• D. Hyperbole

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The statement compares the pain of his words to a physical object, forming a metaphor.

4. What is the tough, fibrous tissue that connects bones at joints called?

• A. Cartilage
• B. Ligaments
• C. Tendons
• D. Fascia

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ligaments. Ligaments are the tough, fibrous tissue that connects bones at joints. They provide stability and support to the joints, preventing excessive movement that could result in injury. Cartilage is a smooth, rubbery tissue that covers the ends of bones and cushions joints. Tendons are fibrous cords that attach muscles to bones, allowing for movement. Fascia is a connective tissue that surrounds muscles, groups of muscles, blood vessels, and nerves, providing support and protection. Therefore, in this case, the term that specifically refers to the tissue connecting bones at joints is ligaments.

5. The "master gland" of the endocrine system, located at the base of the brain, secretes various hormones that control other glands is the:

• A. Thyroid gland
• B. Pituitary gland
• C. Adrenal gland
• D. Pancreas

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Pituitary gland. The pituitary gland is often referred to as the "master gland" because it plays a crucial role in regulating other endocrine glands in the body. It is located at the base of the brain and secretes various hormones that control functions such as growth, metabolism, reproduction, and stress response. The thyroid gland (A) regulates metabolism, the adrenal gland (C) produces hormones involved in stress response, and the pancreas (D) is primarily responsible for regulating blood sugar levels through insulin production, but they do not serve as the master gland of the endocrine system.

6. Which of the following is NOT a function of the cilia lining the respiratory tract?

• A. Trapping inhaled dust and debris
• B. Moistening inhaled air
• C. Producing mucus
• D. Propelling mucus upwards towards the throat

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Producing mucus.' Cilia lining the respiratory tract do not produce mucus, but rather move the mucus that is produced by other cells. The cilia work together to propel the mucus upwards towards the throat, where it can be either swallowed or expelled. Trapping inhaled dust and debris, moistening inhaled air, and propelling mucus upwards are all important functions of the cilia in the respiratory tract, helping to protect the lungs and maintain respiratory health.

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