Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following substances is a common base found in household products?

• A. Sodium chloride (NaCl)
• B. Ammonia (NH₃)
• C. Vinegar
• D. Lemon juice

Correct answer: b

Rationale: Ammonia is a common base found in household products. The other choices are acids.

2. Which hormone, produced by the adrenal glands, is essential for the regulation of electrolyte balance, particularly sodium and potassium, in the body?

• A. Aldosterone
• B. Epinephrine
• C. Cortisol
• D. Insulin

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Aldosterone. Aldosterone is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands that plays a crucial role in regulating electrolyte balance, especially sodium and potassium levels in the body. It acts on the kidneys to increase the reabsorption of sodium and excretion of potassium, which helps to maintain proper fluid balance and blood pressure. Epinephrine (B) is involved in the 'fight or flight' response, cortisol (C) is a stress hormone, and insulin (D) regulates blood sugar levels, but neither of these hormones primarily regulates electrolyte balance like aldosterone does.

3. Which element is a component of baking soda and is important for maintaining pH balance in the body?

• A. Potassium
• B. Sodium
• C. Calcium
• D. Sodium bicarbonate

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Sodium bicarbonate acts as a base and helps regulate pH in various biological systems

4. A ball is thrown horizontally off a cliff. Which of the following forces is responsible for its downward motion?

• A. The force of throwing
• B. Normal force from the air
• C. Tension force from the string (if used)
• D. Gravitational force

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The gravitational force is responsible for the downward motion of the ball. When the ball is thrown horizontally off a cliff, the only force acting on it in the vertical direction is the force of gravity, which pulls the ball downward towards the ground. The other forces mentioned (force of throwing, normal force from the air, tension force from the string) do not contribute to the ball's downward motion in this scenario.

5. What is the process of making copies of DNA called?

• A. Transcription
• B. Translation
• C. Replication
• D. DNA repair

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: A) Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template. It involves the creation of mRNA molecules from a DNA template. B) Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from mRNA. During translation, the genetic code carried by mRNA is decoded to produce a specific sequence of amino acids, forming a protein. C) Replication is the process of making copies of DNA. This process occurs before cell division and ensures that each daughter cell receives an identical copy of the genetic material. D) DNA repair is a cellular mechanism that corrects errors in DNA that arise due to various factors such as exposure to mutagens or mistakes during DNA replication. It is essential for maintaining the integrity of the genetic material.

6. Which of the following is the main organ responsible for absorbing nutrients?

• A. Stomach
• B. Small intestine
• C. Large intestine
• D. Pancreas

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: The small intestine is the main organ responsible for absorbing nutrients from the food we eat. It is where the majority of digestion and absorption of nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals occurs. The inner lining of the small intestine is covered in tiny finger-like projections called villi, which increase the surface area available for nutrient absorption. The stomach plays a role in breaking down food into smaller particles, but the actual absorption of nutrients primarily takes place in the small intestine. The large intestine mainly absorbs water and electrolytes, while the pancreas produces digestive enzymes and hormones but is not primarily responsible for absorbing nutrients.

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