Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is a unit of power?

• A. Newton-meter (N·m)
• B. Joule (J)
• C. Watt (W)
• D. Kilogram (kg)

Correct answer: c

Rationale: Watt is the unit of power, measuring the rate of work done or energy transfer.

2. What is a potential limitation of using case studies in scientific research?

• A. They offer unique insights and perspectives not found in large-scale studies.
• B. They can be easily replicated and validated by other researchers.
• C. They often present limited data points and may not be generalizable to larger populations.
• D. They require sophisticated statistical analysis, making them difficult to interpret.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: While case studies provide valuable individual details, their small sample size and specific context limit their ability to represent broader trends or populations.

3. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) helps the kidneys regulate:

• A. Acid-base balance
• B. Blood pressure
• C. Urine output by controlling water reabsorption
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Urine output by controlling water reabsorption.' Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is released by the pituitary gland and acts on the kidneys to regulate water reabsorption. When ADH levels are high, the kidneys reabsorb more water, leading to concentrated urine and decreased urine output. This helps maintain the body's water balance and prevent dehydration. While ADH indirectly influences blood pressure by regulating blood volume, its primary function is to control water balance, not acid-base balance. Therefore, the correct answer is C.

4. What scientific term encompasses a permanent alteration in the DNA sequence?

• A. Trait
• B. Mutation
• C. Allele
• D. Variation

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: A) Trait: A trait is a characteristic or feature of an organism that is determined by its genes. B) Mutation: A mutation is a permanent alteration in the DNA sequence that can result from errors during DNA replication, exposure to mutagens, or other factors. C) Allele: An allele is a variant form of a gene that can result in different traits or characteristics. D) Variation: Variation refers to the differences in traits or characteristics among individuals of the same species, which can be influenced by genetic and environmental factors. In this context, the term that specifically refers to a permanent alteration in the DNA sequence is "mutation."

5. How is power related to energy?

• A. Power is the same as energy
• B. Energy is the rate at which work is done
• C. Power is the amount of stored energy
• D. Energy is the rate at which power is transferred

Correct answer: b

Rationale: Energy is related to the amount of work done or the capacity to do work, while power measures the rate at which work is done or energy is transferred.

6. What is the process by which a fertilized egg implants itself in the lining of the uterus?

• A. Fertilization
• B. Implantation
• C. Gestation
• D. Parturition

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Implantation. Implantation is the process by which a fertilized egg, or zygote, attaches itself to the uterine wall to establish a pregnancy. Fertilization is the fusion of sperm and egg to form a zygote, which occurs in the fallopian tube. Gestation refers to the period of development of the fetus inside the uterus. Parturition is the process of giving birth. Therefore, implantation specifically refers to the attachment of the fertilized egg to the uterine lining, making it the most appropriate answer in this context.

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