Nursing Elites

1. What property of a wave determines its pitch in sound waves?

• A. Amplitude
• B. Frequency
• C. Wavelength
• D. Speed

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The pitch of a sound wave is determined by its frequency. Frequency refers to the number of cycles of a wave that occur in a given time period. Higher frequencies correspond to higher pitches, while lower frequencies correspond to lower pitches. Amplitude refers to the intensity or loudness of a sound wave, wavelength is the distance between two consecutive points in a wave, and speed is the rate at which a wave travels through a medium.

2. The innate immune system provides a non-specific first line of defense. What are some physical barriers that contribute to the innate immune system?

• A. Antibodies
• B. Phagocytes
• C. Skin and mucous membranes
• D. Memory B cells

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: "Skin and mucous membranes." The innate immune system consists of physical barriers, such as the skin and mucous membranes, that act as the first line of defense against pathogens. These barriers prevent pathogens from entering the body and play a crucial role in protecting against infections. Antibodies (option A) are part of the adaptive immune response, not the innate immune system. Phagocytes (option B) are cells that engulf and destroy pathogens, which are part of the innate immune system. Memory B cells (option D) are specific to the adaptive immune response and are not considered part of the innate immunity that provides the initial, non-specific defense.

3. A new material is claimed to be stronger than steel. You design an experiment to test this claim. What is the MOST important control variable?

• A. The size of the material samples.
• B. The temperature at which the test is conducted.
• C. The force applied to the material.
• D. The color of the material.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The size of the material samples is the most important control variable because it ensures that the comparison between the new material and steel is fair and accurate. By keeping the size consistent, any differences in strength can be attributed to the material composition rather than variations in sample size. Controlling for size helps eliminate confounding variables and increases the reliability of the experiment results. Temperature, force applied, and color are not as critical for directly testing the strength comparison between the new material and steel.

4. A lampshade is shaped like a frustum of a cone, with base diameters of 20cm and 10cm and a height of 15cm. What is its volume?

• A. 625 cu cm
• B. 1250 cu cm
• C. 1875 cu cm
• D. 2500 cu cm

Correct answer: C

Rationale: This requires dividing the frustum into two cones and calculating their individual volumes before subtracting them. The formula for a cone frustum involves the radii of both bases and the height.

5. Unlike the circulatory system, the lymphatic system does not have a pump. How does lymph move through the lymphatic vessels?

• A. By the pumping action of the heart
• B. Due to muscle contractions and breathing movements
• C. Through one-way valves within the vessels
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'All of the above.' Unlike the circulatory system which relies on the heart's pumping action, the lymphatic system lacks a central pump. Lymph moves through lymphatic vessels primarily due to muscle contractions and breathing movements that squeeze the vessels, helping propel the lymph forward. Additionally, one-way valves within the lymphatic vessels prevent the backward flow of lymph, ensuring it moves in the right direction. Therefore, all three mechanisms - heart pumping, muscle contractions, and one-way valves - work together to facilitate the movement of lymph through the lymphatic system.

6. Identify the interjection in the following sentence: Ouch! I stubbed my toe on the table leg.

• A. table
• B. leg
• C. ouch
• D. stubbed

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Interjections express emotions or sudden feelings. "Ouch" conveys a feeling of pain.

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