Nursing Elites

1. Elements tend to gain or lose electrons to achieve stable electron configurations like those of noble gases. Their group number often indicates the number of electrons gained/lost and the resulting ionic charge, providing a good starting point for prediction.

• A. Ionic bonds involve electron sharing, while metallic bonds involve electron transfer
• B. Ionic bonds are weak and directional, while metallic bonds are strong and non-directional
• C. Ionic bonds exist between metals and non-metals, while metallic bonds exist only between metals
• D. Ionic bonds form discrete molecules, while metallic bonds form extended structures

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Ionic bonds involve complete electron transfer between atoms, creating strong, non-directional electrostatic attraction. Metallic bonds involve a delocalized "sea" of electrons shared across all metal atoms, resulting in a strong, extended structure.

2. Two cars with different masses collide head-on. Which car experiences a greater change in momentum?

• A. The car with the larger mass
• B. The car with the smaller mass
• C. Both cars experience the same change in momentum
• D. It depends on the initial velocities of the cars

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The car with the smaller mass. Although momentum is conserved in the collision, the change in momentum is inversely proportional to mass. Therefore, the car with the smaller mass will experience a larger relative change.

3. Which part of the neuron receives signals from other neurons and conducts them toward the cell body?

• A. Axon
• B. Dendrite
• C. Synapse
• D. Myelin sheath

Correct answer: b

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Dendrite. Dendrites are the part of the neuron that receive signals from other neurons and conduct them toward the cell body. They have numerous branches and are covered in synapses, allowing them to receive signals from multiple neurons. The axon, on the other hand, conducts signals away from the cell body towards other neurons or to muscles or glands. The synapse is the junction between two neurons where communication occurs, and the myelin sheath is a fatty layer that insulates and speeds up the conduction of electrical impulses along the axon. Therefore, the dendrite is specifically designed to receive and integrate incoming signals, making it the correct answer in this case.

4. Ectopic pregnancy is a serious condition that occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus. What is the most common location for an ectopic pregnancy?

• A. Ovary
• B. Fallopian tube
• C. Cervix
• D. Vagina

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Fallopian tube. The fallopian tube is the most common location for an ectopic pregnancy to occur. This is because the fertilized egg typically gets stuck or implants in the fallopian tube instead of traveling to the uterus for normal implantation. If left untreated, an ectopic pregnancy in the fallopian tube can lead to serious complications such as tubal rupture and internal bleeding. The other options (ovary, cervix, vagina) are not typical sites for implantation of a fertilized egg and are less likely to result in an ectopic pregnancy.

5. What is the name of the radioactive isotope commonly used in medical imaging techniques like PET scans?

• A. Uranium-235
• B. Plutonium-239
• C. Potassium-40
• D. Fluorine-18

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Fluorine-18 is the radioactive isotope commonly used in medical imaging techniques like PET scans. It is often used in the form of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) to detect areas of increased metabolic activity in the body, such as in cancer cells. Uranium-235 and Plutonium-239 are not typically used in medical imaging, and Potassium-40 is a naturally occurring radioactive isotope found in the human body but is not commonly used in medical imaging techniques.

6. What is the functional group present in esters?

• A. Hydroxyl
• B. Carbonyl
• C. Ester
• D. Amine

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Esters have the functional group -COO-, representing a carbonyl group bonded to an oxygen atom. The other choices are associated with different functional groups.

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