Nursing Elites

1. What is the Pauli exclusion principle?

• A. The principle that electrons fill orbitals in order of increasing energy.
• B. The principle that electrons cannot be in the same orbital with the same spin.
• C. The principle that the maximum number of electrons in an orbital is 2n^2, where n is the energy level of the orbital.
• D. The principle that the attractive force between an electron and the nucleus is inversely proportional to the distance between them.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The Pauli exclusion principle states that no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers. This means that electrons in the same orbital must have opposite spins, which is why they cannot be in the same orbital with the same spin. Option A refers to the Aufbau principle, option C refers to the maximum number of electrons in an orbital based on the formula 2n^2, and option D refers to Coulomb's law, which describes the electrostatic force between charged particles.

2. How can the periodic table be used to predict the charge of an ion formed by an element?

• A. Look for elements with similar atomic weights.
• B. Identify the group number, which corresponds to the typical ionic charge.
• C. Calculate the difference between protons and electrons.
• D. Analyze the element's position within the period.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Identify the group number, which corresponds to the typical ionic charge. Elements tend to gain or lose electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration like the noble gas group. Their group number often indicates the number of electrons gained/lost and the resulting ionic charge.

3. The hormone responsible for milk production in the breasts after childbirth is:

• A. Estrogen
• B. Prolactin
• C. Oxytocin
• D. Relaxin

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Prolactin. Prolactin is the hormone responsible for milk production in the breasts after childbirth. It is produced by the pituitary gland and stimulates the alveoli in the breasts to produce milk. Estrogen plays a role in breast development during pregnancy but is not responsible for milk production. Oxytocin is responsible for the ejection of milk from the breasts during breastfeeding. Relaxin is a hormone that helps prepare the body for childbirth by relaxing the ligaments in the pelvis. Therefore, the hormone directly responsible for milk production after childbirth is prolactin.

4. An ancient Egyptian pyramid has a square base with side lengths of 20 meters and a remaining height (after erosion) of 10 meters. Its original height was 30 meters. What was the volume of the pyramid in its original state?

• A. 12000 cu m
• B. 6000 cu m
• C. 18000 cu m
• D. 24000 cu m

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Use the formula for the volume of a pyramid with the original height and base area.

5. What is the recommended daily fluid intake for adults?

• A. 1 liter
• B. 2 liters
• C. 3 liters
• D. 4 liters

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: The recommended daily fluid intake for adults is typically around 2 liters, which is equivalent to about 8 cups or half a gallon. This amount can vary depending on factors such as age, gender, weight, activity level, and climate. Staying adequately hydrated is essential for overall health and helps maintain proper bodily functions, such as regulating body temperature, aiding digestion, and transporting nutrients and oxygen throughout the body. Drinking enough fluids also helps prevent dehydration, which can lead to symptoms like fatigue, headaches, and dizziness. It's important to note that individual fluid needs may vary, so it's always best to consult with a healthcare provider for personalized recommendations.

6. She decides to illustrate the organizational structure. Which of the following elements is

• A. Level of authority
• B. Lines of communication
• C. Span of control
• D. Unity of direction

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'Unity of direction.' In the context of illustrating organizational structure, unity of direction refers to the concept that activities within an organization should be directed towards a common goal. It ensures that all efforts are aligned and coordinated towards achieving the organization's objectives. This element helps in avoiding conflicts and confusion by providing clarity and focus on the overall mission of the organization, which is essential for effective organizational performance. Level of authority, lines of communication, and span of control are important elements in organizational structure as well, but in this scenario, unity of direction specifically pertains to the coordination and alignment of activities towards a common purpose.

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