Nursing Elites

1. What happens to the frequency of a wave if its wavelength decreases while the speed remains constant?

• A. Frequency decreases
• B. Frequency increases
• C. Frequency remains constant
• D. Frequency becomes zero

Correct answer: b

Rationale: If the speed of the wave remains constant while the wavelength decreases, the frequency of the wave increases.

2. In the process of cellular respiration, glucose is broken down to produce energy. What is the main waste product released?

• A. Water
• B. Carbon dioxide
• C. Oxygen
• D. Protein

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Carbon dioxide. During cellular respiration, glucose is broken down in the presence of oxygen to produce energy in the form of ATP. One of the main waste products released in this process is carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is a byproduct of the metabolic reactions occurring in cells and is expelled from the body through exhalation. Water is also produced during cellular respiration, but it is not the main waste product released. Oxygen is required for cellular respiration to occur, and protein is a macromolecule and not a waste product of cellular respiration.

3. What is the principle behind the phenomenon of refraction, where waves bend when entering a new medium?

• A. Change in wavelength
• B. Change in frequency
• C. Change in wave speed
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Refraction occurs because of the change in wave speed as it enters a new medium, causing the wavefront to bend and change direction.

4. She wants to ensure that every task is carried out as planned. Which of the following tasks is

• A. Instructing the members of the standards committee to prepare policies
• B. Reviewing the existing policies of the hospital
• C. Evaluating the credentials of all nursing staff
• D. Checking if activities conform to schedule

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because evaluating the credentials of all nursing staff is essential to ensuring that the right individuals are in place to carry out tasks effectively. This task directly contributes to maintaining a high standard of performance and ensuring that the team is qualified for their roles. In contrast, the other options focus on policies, reviews, and schedules, which are important but do not directly address the qualifications and capabilities of the staff responsible for task execution.

5. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition affecting blood sugar control. What is the main type of hormone deficiency associated with type 1 diabetes?

• A. Insulin
• B. Glucagon
• C. Estrogen
• D. Testosterone

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: "Insulin." In type 1 diabetes, the main type of hormone deficiency is insulin. Insulin is produced by the pancreas and is crucial for regulating blood sugar levels by helping cells absorb glucose. In individuals with type 1 diabetes, the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, leading to a deficiency of insulin. This results in uncontrolled high blood sugar levels, which can have serious consequences if not managed properly. Glucagon, estrogen, and testosterone do not play a primary role in the hormone deficiency associated with type 1 diabetes.

6. The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body. How does urine flow through the urethra?

• A. Continuously
• B. Only when the bladder is completely full
• C. Under voluntary control of sphincter muscles
• D. A combination of b) and c)

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: "Under voluntary control of sphincter muscles." The urethra is the tube responsible for carrying urine from the bladder to the outside of the body. Urine flow through the urethra is not continuous but rather under voluntary control. The sphincter muscles, located at the opening of the bladder and urethra, help control the release of urine. This control allows individuals to regulate when and where they empty their bladder, providing a mechanism to prevent involuntary leakage of urine. Therefore, option C accurately describes how urine flows through the urethra.

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