Nursing Elites

1. When water boils, it changes from a liquid to a gas. This is an example of a:

• A. Chemical reaction
• B. Physical change
• C. Nuclear reaction
• D. Biological process

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Physical change - Boiling water involves a change in state, not the chemical composition of the molecules. Chemical reactions involve breaking and forming new bonds, which is not the case here.

2. Which vitamin is crucial for calcium absorption and synthesized in the skin upon sun exposure?

• A. Vitamin A
• B. Vitamin C
• C. Vitamin D
• D. Vitamin E

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Vitamin D. Vitamin D is crucial for calcium absorption as it helps the body absorb calcium from the diet. When the skin is exposed to sunlight, it produces vitamin D. This is why sunlight is often referred to as the 'sunshine vitamin.' Vitamin A (choice A) is important for vision and immune function, but not specifically for calcium absorption. Vitamin C (choice B) is essential for collagen production and immune function, but not directly related to calcium absorption. Vitamin E (choice D) is an antioxidant that helps protect cells from damage, but it is not primarily involved in calcium absorption like vitamin D.

3. What is the functional group present in esters?

• A. Hydroxyl
• B. Carbonyl
• C. Ester
• D. Amine

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Esters have the functional group -COO-, representing a carbonyl group bonded to an oxygen atom. The other choices are associated with different functional groups.

4. Which sentence uses the comparative degree of an adjective correctly?

• A. This movie is good, but the other one is better.
• B. She is the tallest player on the team.
• C. He worked hardest than everyone else.
• D. My coffee is hotter than yours.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Option A uses "better" to compare the quality of two movies.

5. A patient's oxygen flow rate is set at 4 liters per minute. How many cubic centimeters of oxygen are delivered per minute?

• A. 400 cubic centimeters
• B. 4,000 cubic centimeters
• C. 40,000 cubic centimeters
• D. 400,000 cubic centimeters

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Remember 1 liter is equal to 1000 cubic centimeters. Multiply the flow rate in liters per minute by the conversion factor: 4 liters/minute * 1000 cm³/liter = 4,000 cubic centimeters/minute.

6. What is the primary hormone released by the parathyroid glands?

• A. Insulin
• B. Calcitonin
• C. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
• D. Thyroxine

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The primary hormone released by the parathyroid glands is Parathyroid hormone (PTH), which plays a crucial role in regulating calcium levels in the body. Insulin is produced by the pancreas to regulate blood sugar levels and is unrelated to the parathyroid glands. Calcitonin is produced by the thyroid gland and helps regulate calcium levels but is not the primary hormone released by the parathyroid glands. Thyroxine is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland that regulates metabolism and is also not released by the parathyroid glands. Therefore, the correct answer is C: Parathyroid hormone (PTH).

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