Nursing Elites

1. A spring with a spring constant of 100 N/m is stretched 0.2 m from its equilibrium position. What is the potential energy stored in the spring?

• A. 2 J
• B. 4 J
• C. 8 J
• D. 20 J

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Potential energy in a spring is calculated as 1/2 * k * x², where k is the spring constant and x is the displacement from equilibrium. Therefore, the potential energy is 1/2 * 100 N/m * (0.2 m)² = 4 J.

2. What is the Pauli exclusion principle?

• A. The principle that electrons fill orbitals in order of increasing energy.
• B. The principle that electrons cannot be in the same orbital with the same spin.
• C. The principle that the maximum number of electrons in an orbital is 2n^2, where n is the energy level of the orbital.
• D. The principle that the attractive force between an electron and the nucleus is inversely proportional to the distance between them.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The Pauli exclusion principle states that no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers. This means that electrons in the same orbital must have opposite spins, which is why they cannot be in the same orbital with the same spin. Option A refers to the Aufbau principle, option C refers to the maximum number of electrons in an orbital based on the formula 2n^2, and option D refers to Coulomb's law, which describes the electrostatic force between charged particles.

3. A triangular scarf has sides measuring 10cm, 12cm, and 15cm. What is its perimeter?

• A. 27cm
• B. 32cm
• C. 37cm
• D. 45cm

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Simply add the lengths of all sides: perimeter = side1 + side2 + side3 = 10cm + 12cm + 15cm = 37cm.

4. Repeating decimals can be expressed as fractions. Which of the following represents the decimal 0.7777... as a fraction?

• A. 77/1000
• B. 70/99
• C. 777/900
• D. 7/9

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Let x equal the decimal. Set up two equations such that the digits after the decimal point are identical. 1000x = 777.7777... 10x = 7.7777... Subtracting the two equations, we have 990x = 770. Dividing both sides by 990 gives us x = 770/990, which can be simplified to 77/90.

5. Discern the INCORRECT function of the liver.

• A. Bile production, aiding digestion.
• B. Blood protein synthesis, such as albumin.
• C. Glucose storage for energy regulation.
• D. Filtration of waste products from the blood.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: A) Correct - The liver produces bile, which aids in the digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine. B) Correct - The liver is responsible for synthesizing blood proteins, including albumin, which helps maintain osmotic pressure in the blood. C) Correct - The liver stores glucose in the form of glycogen and helps regulate blood sugar levels by releasing glucose when needed. D) Incorrect - The liver does not filter waste products from the blood. Instead, the kidneys are responsible for filtering waste products from the blood and excreting them in the form of urine.

6. Within a nuclear reactor, control rods serve the primary purpose of:

• A. Reflecting neutrons back into the core
• B. Absorbing excess neutrons to control criticality
• C. Moderating the velocity of neutrons
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Control rods within a nuclear reactor serve the primary purpose of absorbing excess neutrons to control criticality. By adjusting the position of the control rods, the reactor operators can regulate the rate of fission reactions and prevent the reactor from overheating or reaching a state of uncontrolled chain reaction. Reflecting neutrons back into the core and moderating the velocity of neutrons are not the primary functions of control rods. Reflectors are used to bounce neutrons back into the core, while moderators slow down fast neutrons to increase the likelihood of fission. Therefore, the correct answer is B: 'Absorbing excess neutrons to control criticality.'

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