1. The muscular sac that stores urine until it is released from the body is called the:

A. Urethra
B. Bladder
C. Ureter
D. Nephron

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Bladder. The bladder is a muscular sac that stores urine until it is ready to be released from the body through the urethra. The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body. Ureters are tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. Nephrons are the functional units of the kidneys responsible for filtering the blood and producing urine. Therefore, the bladder is the specific organ responsible for storing urine until it is expelled from the body, making it the correct answer.

2. Which condition involves an overactive immune system attacking healthy tissues, leading to inflammation and damage?

A. Immunodeficiency
B. Autoimmune disease
C. Allergy
D. Cancer

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Autoimmune disease. Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells and tissues in the body, leading to inflammation and damage. Immunodeficiency (option A) is the opposite, where the immune system is weakened or not functioning properly. Allergies (option C) involve the immune system overreacting to harmless substances. Cancer (option D) is characterized by uncontrolled cell growth, not by the immune system attacking healthy tissues.

3. Which of these organs is NOT involved in the production of digestive enzymes?

A. Mouth
B. Stomach
C. Pancreas
D. Small intestine

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: A) Mouth: The mouth is involved in the mechanical breakdown of food through chewing and the initiation of carbohydrate digestion by the enzyme amylase in saliva, but it does not produce digestive enzymes. B) Stomach: The stomach produces gastric juices containing enzymes like pepsin that help break down proteins. C) Pancreas: The pancreas produces various digestive enzymes such as amylase, lipase, and proteases that aid in the digestion of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. D) Small intestine: The small intestine produces enzymes such as peptidases, sucrase, lactase, and maltase that further break down proteins, carbohydrates, and fats for absorption. Therefore, the mouth is the organ that is NOT involved in the production of digestive enzymes.

4. What does the term "solute" refer to in a solution?

A. The substance present in the largest amount
B. The substance that dissolves in the solvent
C. The liquid portion of the solution
D. The temperature at which the solution freezes

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The solute is the substance that dissolves in the solvent to form a solution. The other choices do not accurately describe the solute.

5. What happens to the kinetic energy of an object when its mass is doubled?

A. Kinetic energy remains the same
B. Kinetic energy halves
C. Kinetic energy doubles
D. Kinetic energy quadruples

Correct answer: c

Rationale: Kinetic energy is directly proportional to the square of an object's mass when its velocity remains constant.

6. What disease is characterized by progressive muscle weakness and wasting?

A. Muscular dystrophy
B. Myositis
C. Fibromyalgia
D. Carpal tunnel syndrome

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Muscular dystrophy. Muscular dystrophy is a genetic disorder characterized by progressive muscle weakness and wasting over time. It primarily affects skeletal muscles, leading to difficulties in movement and muscle function. Myositis is an inflammatory condition affecting the muscles, but it may not always result in progressive muscle weakness and wasting. Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain and fatigue, not necessarily progressive muscle weakness. Carpal tunnel syndrome is a compression neuropathy affecting the median nerve in the wrist, leading to symptoms like numbness and tingling in the hand, but it does not cause progressive muscle weakness and wasting like muscular dystrophy does.