Nursing Elites

1. What is the name of the sheath of connective tissue that surrounds a skeletal muscle?

• A. Epimysium
• B. Perimysium
• C. Endomysium
• D. Myofibril

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Epimysium. The epimysium is the outermost layer of connective tissue that surrounds a skeletal muscle. It provides protection and support to the muscle fibers within, as well as helps in transmitting forces generated by the muscle. Perimysium (B) is the connective tissue that surrounds bundles of muscle fibers called fascicles, while endomysium (C) is the connective tissue that surrounds individual muscle fibers. Myofibril (D) is a structure within muscle fibers that contains the contractile units responsible for muscle contraction. Therefore, in this context, the sheath of connective tissue surrounding a skeletal muscle is specifically referred to as the epimysium.

2. A 10 kg box rests on a frictionless surface. A horizontal force of 20 N is applied to the box. What is the box's acceleration?

• A. 0.5 m/s²
• B. 1 m/s²
• C. 2 m/s²
• D. 10 m/s²

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Use Newton's second law, F = ma, where F is the net force, m is the mass, and a is the acceleration. Since there is no friction, the net force equals the applied force (20 N). Therefore, a = F/m = 20 N / 10 kg ≈ 2 m/s².

3. The involuntary, rhythmic contractions of the heart muscle are controlled by a specialized group of cells located in the:

• A. Lungs
• B. Brain
• C. Spinal cord
• D. Sinoatrial node (located within the heart)

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Sinoatrial node (located within the heart). The sinoatrial node, also known as the heart's natural pacemaker, is a cluster of specialized cells within the heart that controls the heart rate by initiating the electrical impulses that regulate the heart's contractions. The lungs (A), brain (B), and spinal cord (C) do not directly control the rhythmic contractions of the heart muscle. Therefore, the sinoatrial node is the specific anatomical location responsible for regulating the heart's rhythmic contractions, making it the correct answer.

4. A hypothesis should be:

• A. A definitive statement of fact based on existing knowledge.
• B. A testable prediction based on observations and reasoning.
• C. A broad question without any specific direction or focus.
• D. A personal belief or opinion not requiring further investigation.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Hypotheses guide scientific exploration by providing a framework for testing potential explanations.

5. What is the term for a solution that has a lower concentration of solute compared to another solution?

• A. Saturated solution
• B. Unsaturated solution
• C. Dilute solution
• D. Concentrated solution

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A dilute solution has a lower concentration of solute compared to another solution. The other choices do not accurately describe a dilute solution.

6. What happens to the potential energy of an object as it falls freely near the Earth's surface?

• A. Potential energy decreases
• B. Potential energy increases
• C. Potential energy remains constant
• D. Potential energy becomes zero

Correct answer: a

Rationale: As an object falls freely, its potential energy due to gravity decreases as it gets closer to the Earth's surface.

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