Nursing Elites

1. How does polarization affect the intensity of light passing through a polarizing filter?

• A. All light passes through regardless of polarization.
• B. Light with the same polarization as the filter passes through, while others are blocked
• C. Light with higher intensity passes through, while weaker light is blocked.
• D. The intensity is reduced for all light, regardless of polarization.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A polarizing filter only allows light waves with a specific polarization direction to pass through, reducing the intensity of waves with different orientations.

2. What is the role of surfactant in the respiratory system?

• A. To trap dust particles
• B. To increase lung compliance
• C. To produce mucus
• D. To generate oxygen during respiration

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'To increase lung compliance.' Surfactant is a substance produced by the alveolar cells in the lungs that reduces surface tension within the alveoli. This helps to prevent the alveoli from collapsing, making it easier for the lungs to expand and contract during breathing. This action increases lung compliance, which is the ease with which the lungs can be inflated. Trapping dust particles (A) is the role of mucus and cilia in the respiratory system. Surfactant does not produce mucus (C) but rather acts to reduce surface tension. Generating oxygen (D) is the function of the respiratory system as a whole through the process of respiration, and surfactant does not play a direct role in this process.

3. What is the role of RNA in the regulation of gene expression?

• A. Provides energy for the process
• B. Controls the timing and location of protein synthesis
• C. Translates the genetic code into amino acids
• D. Stores genetic information

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: A) RNA does not provide energy for the process of gene expression. Energy is typically provided by molecules like ATP. B) RNA plays a crucial role in controlling the timing and location of protein synthesis through processes like transcriptional regulation, RNA splicing, and post-transcriptional modifications. It helps determine when and where specific proteins are produced in the cell. C) While mRNA translates the genetic code into amino acids during the process of translation, this is not the primary role of RNA in the regulation of gene expression. D) RNA does not store genetic information in the same way that DNA does. DNA is the molecule responsible for storing genetic information in the form of genes. Therefore, option B is the most appropriate choice as it accurately describes the role of RNA in regulating gene expression.

4. The concept of punctuated equilibrium suggests that:

• A. Evolution occurs gradually through the continuous accumulation of small changes over long periods.
• B. Evolution is characterized by long periods of relative stasis punctuated by rapid bursts of evolutionary change.
• C. The fossil record is a complete and accurate representation of all past life forms.
• D. Natural selection primarily favors extreme phenotypes within a population.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: A) Evolution occurs gradually through the continuous accumulation of small changes over long periods - This statement describes the gradualism model of evolution, not punctuated equilibrium. Punctuated equilibrium suggests that evolution is characterized by long periods of little to no change (stasis) followed by relatively rapid bursts of evolutionary change. B) Evolution is characterized by long periods of relative stasis punctuated by rapid bursts of evolutionary change - This statement accurately describes the concept of punctuated equilibrium proposed by Stephen Jay Gould and Niles Eldredge. It suggests that species remain relatively unchanged for long periods of time, interrupted by sudden bursts of rapid evolution. C) The fossil record is a complete and accurate representation of all past life forms - This statement is incorrect as the fossil record is incomplete and biased towards certain types of organisms and environments. It does not provide a complete and accur

5. When ice melts, it undergoes a…

• A. Chemical change
• B. Physical change
• C. Nuclear change
• D. Radioactive decay

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Melting is a change in physical state, not a change in the chemical composition of the ice.

6. What is the formula for calculating density?

• A. Density = Volume / Mass
• B. Density = Mass × Volume
• C. Density = Mass / Volume
• D. Density = Volume - Mass

Correct answer: c

Rationale: Density is defined as the mass of a substance divided by its volume. The formula for density is Density = Mass / Volume.

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