1. What is the outermost protective layer of the kidney?

A. Renal cortex
B. Renal medulla
C. Renal capsule
D. Renal pelvis

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, renal capsule. The renal capsule is a tough fibrous layer that surrounds the kidney and provides protection. It helps maintain the shape of the kidney and serves as a barrier against infections and injuries. The renal cortex (A) is the outer region of the kidney where filtration occurs. The renal medulla (B) is the inner region of the kidney where urine is formed and collected. The renal pelvis (D) is a funnel-shaped structure that collects urine from the kidney and funnels it into the ureter. Therefore, the renal capsule is specifically the outermost protective layer of the kidney.

2. How is power defined in terms of physics?

A. The rate at which work is done
B. The amount of force applied
C. The distance an object travels
D. The potential energy of an object

Correct answer: a

Rationale: Power is defined as the rate at which work is done or the rate at which energy is transferred or converted.

3. What is the main verb tense in the following sentence? "She had already left before I arrived."

A. Present tense
B. Past tense
C. Future tense
D. t perfect tense

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The verb "had left" is in the past perfect tense, indicating an action completed before another past action ("arrived").

4. A doctor orders 1 gram of a medication to be administered intravenously. The available vial contains 200 milligrams per milliliter. How many milliliters of the solution should be drawn up?

A. 4 milliliters
B. 5 milliliters
C. 10 milliliters
D. 20 milliliters

Correct answer: B

Rationale: First convert grams to milligrams (1 gram * 1000 milligrams/gram = 1000 milligrams). Then, divide the desired dosage by the concentration per milliliter: 1000 milligrams / 200 milligrams/milliliter = 5 milliliters.

5. The statement, â€œThe Good Shepherd Medical Center aims to provide patient-centered care in

A. Vision
B. Goal
C. Philosophy
D. Mission

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: "Vision." A vision statement describes the desired future state or long-term goal of an organization. It outlines the aspirations and purpose of the organization, such as providing patient-centered care in this case. Vision statements are forward-looking and inspirational, guiding the organization towards achieving its ultimate objectives. In contrast, a goal is a specific, measurable, and achievable target within a set timeframe. A philosophy is a set of beliefs or guiding principles, while a mission statement defines the organization's core purpose and focus. Therefore, the statement about providing patient-centered care aligns with the concept of a vision statement.

6. Which of the following is the primary function of the cell membrane?

A. To provide structural support for the cell
B. To transport substances in and out of the cell
C. To synthesize proteins and lipids
D. To store genetic material

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: The cell membrane, also known as the plasma membrane, plays a crucial role in regulating the movement of substances in and out of the cell. It is selectively permeable, meaning it allows certain molecules to pass through while blocking others. This function is essential for maintaining the internal environment of the cell and ensuring that necessary nutrients can enter the cell while waste products and other substances can exit. While the cell membrane does provide some structural support for the cell, its primary function is to control the transport of substances. The synthesis of proteins and lipids primarily occurs in other cellular organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, while storing genetic material is the function of the nucleus.