1. Which cartilage type allows for smooth movement at joints and absorbs shock?

A. Hyaline cartilage
B. Fibrocartilage
C. Elastic cartilage
D. None of the above

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hyaline cartilage. Hyaline cartilage is the most abundant type of cartilage in the body and is found in the joints, providing a smooth surface for movement. It also acts as a shock absorber, cushioning the joints during activities. Fibrocartilage is found in intervertebral discs and provides strength and support, but it is not as effective at absorbing shock as hyaline cartilage. Elastic cartilage is found in the external ear and epiglottis, providing flexibility and maintaining shape, but it does not have the same shock-absorbing properties as hyaline cartilage. Therefore, hyaline cartilage is the best choice for a cartilage type that allows for smooth movement at joints and absorbs shock.

2. Scientific notation is a way to represent very large or small numbers in a compact form. If a number is written as 4.82 x 10^3, what is the value of the number in standard form?

A. 0.004 82
B. 0.482
C. 4820
D. 4820000

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: When a number is written in scientific notation as $a \times 10^n$, the value of the number in standard form is obtained by multiplying $a$ by $10^n$. In this case, the number is $4.82 \times 10^3$. To convert this to standard form, we multiply 4.82 by $10^3$, which means moving the decimal point 3 places to the right. $4.82 \times 10^3 = 4820$ Therefore, the value of the number in standard form is 4820, which corresponds to option C.

3. Which term describes the ability of a substance to conduct electricity?

A. Reactivity
B. Density
C. Conductivity
D. Viscosity

Correct answer: c

Rationale: Conductivity refers to a substance's ability to conduct electricity. Substances that conduct electricity well are known as conductors.

4. The element responsible for the red color of blood is:

A. Magnesium
B. Iron
C. Copper
D. Zinc

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Hemoglobin, the protein responsible for carrying oxygen in red blood cells, contains iron in its heme group, contributing to the blood's characteristic red color.

5. The patella, commonly known as the kneecap, is an example of a:

A. Sesamoid bone
B. Long bone
C. Short bone
D. Irregular bone

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The patella, or kneecap, is a sesamoid bone. Sesamoid bones are small bones that develop within tendons, typically where they pass over joints. The patella functions to protect the knee joint and enhance the leverage of the quadriceps muscle. Its location and function align with those of a sesamoid bone, making option A the correct choice. Long bones, such as the femur, are characterized by their elongated shape and serve as levers for movement. Short bones, like those in the wrist and ankle, provide support and stability. Irregular bones, such as the vertebrae, have complex shapes and functions. Therefore, option A is the most appropriate answer in this context.

6. What is the protective fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord?

A. Blood
B. Cerebrospinal fluid
C. Myelin sheath
D. Insulin

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cerebrospinal fluid. This fluid acts as a cushion for the brain and spinal cord, providing protection from impacts. Blood is essential for transporting nutrients and oxygen, but it does not directly surround or protect these vital nervous system structures. Myelin sheath is a fatty substance that insulates nerve fibers, not the fluid surrounding the nervous system. Insulin is a hormone involved in regulating blood sugar levels and is not related to protecting the brain and spinal cord.