1. What is a contraceptive method that uses hormones to prevent ovulation?

A. Spermicide
B. Barrier method (condom, diaphragm)
C. Combined oral contraceptive pill
D. Intrauterine device (IUD)

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Combined oral contraceptive pill. This method uses hormones, such as estrogen and progestin, to prevent ovulation, thicken cervical mucus to block sperm, and thin the uterine lining to prevent implantation of a fertilized egg. Spermicide (A) is a chemical that kills sperm but does not prevent ovulation. Barrier methods (B) like condoms and diaphragms physically block sperm from reaching the egg. Intrauterine devices (IUDs) (D) are inserted into the uterus and work by either releasing hormones or creating a barrier to prevent fertilization, but they do not specifically target ovulation.

2. Express 0.75 as a fraction.

A. 4/5
B. 3/4
C. 1/2
D. 1/4

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Decimals can be represented as fractions where the denominator is a power of 10 (in this case, 10 raised to the power of -1, or 1/10th). So, 0.75 is equivalent to 7/10. We can simplify this fraction by dividing the numerator and denominator by 5, resulting in 3/4.

3. Which vitamin requires intrinsic factor from the stomach for proper absorption?

A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin B12

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Vitamin B12. Vitamin B12 requires intrinsic factor, a glycoprotein produced by the parietal cells in the stomach, for proper absorption in the small intestine. Intrinsic factor binds to B12 and facilitates its absorption in the ileum. Without intrinsic factor, the body cannot effectively absorb Vitamin B12, leading to deficiencies and various health issues. Vitamins A, C, and D do not require intrinsic factor for absorption and have different mechanisms for uptake and utilization within the body.

4. What is the best way to punctuate the dialogue "Are you coming?" she asked. "Maybe," I replied.

A. "Are you coming?" she asked? "Maybe," I replied.
B. "Are you coming?" she asked. "Maybe," I replied.
C. "Are you coming?" she asked, "Maybe," I replied.
D. "Are you coming?" she asked, "Maybe," I replied.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Each speaker's words need quotation marks, and the question mark should go inside the closing quotation mark of the question.

5. Which of the following organs is NOT directly involved in the mechanical breakdown of food?

A. Mouth
B. Stomach
C. Small intestine
D. Esophagus

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, esophagus. The esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach, but it is not directly involved in the mechanical breakdown of food. The mouth is responsible for the initial mechanical breakdown of food through chewing, the stomach further breaks down food through muscular contractions, and the small intestine aids in the digestion process. However, the esophagus primarily serves to transport chewed food from the mouth to the stomach via peristaltic movements, without actively breaking down the food itself.

6. What is the relationship between work, force, and displacement?

A. Work is directly proportional to force but inversely proportional to displacement
B. Work is directly proportional to both force and displacement
C. Work is inversely proportional to force but directly proportional to displacement
D. Work is inversely proportional to both force and displacement

Correct answer: b

Rationale: Work done is the product of force and displacement in the direction of the force.