1. What is the part of the nervous system responsible for the â€œfight-or-flightâ€ response?

A. Somatic nervous system
B. Parasympathetic nervous system
C. Sympathetic nervous system
D. Enteric nervous system

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Sympathetic nervous system. The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the "fight-or-flight" response, which is the body's automatic response to perceived threat or danger. When activated, this system increases heart rate, dilates airways, and redirects blood flow to muscles to prepare the body for action. The somatic nervous system (A) controls voluntary movements, the parasympathetic nervous system (B) is responsible for the "rest and digest" response, and the enteric nervous system (D) regulates the digestive system. Therefore, the sympathetic nervous system is the specific part of the nervous system involved in the fight-or-flight response.

2. Which sentence uses the comparative degree of an adjective correctly?

A. This movie is good, but the other one is better.
B. She is the tallest player on the team.
C. He worked hardest than everyone else.
D. My coffee is hotter than yours.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Option A uses "better" to compare the quality of two movies.

3. In an SN2 reaction, the rate of the reaction is affected by

A. Only the concentration of the nucleophile
B. Only the concentration of the electrophile
C. Neither the concentration of the nucleophile nor the electrophile
D. Both the concentration of the nucleophile and the electrophile

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In an SN2 reaction, the rate of the reaction is affected by both the concentration of the nucleophile and the electrophile. This is because in an SN2 reaction, the nucleophile directly attacks the electrophilic center, leading to the formation of the product. A higher concentration of nucleophile increases the chances of successful collisions with the electrophile, thereby increasing the reaction rate. Similarly, a higher concentration of the electrophile provides more reaction sites for the nucleophile to attack, also increasing the rate of the reaction. Therefore, both the nucleophile and electrophile concentrations play crucial roles in determining the rate of an SN2 reaction.

4. Which word completes the sentence: "Despite the storm, the concert ____ went on."

A. nevertheless
B. however
C. therefore
D. nonetheless

Correct answer: D

Rationale: "Nonetheless" emphasizes the continuation of the concert despite the contrary circumstance.

5. What effect does doubling the net force applied to an object have on its acceleration, assuming mass remains constant?

A. Acceleration doubles
B. Acceleration is halved
C. Acceleration remains the same
D. Acceleration quadruples

Correct answer: a

Rationale: According to Newton's second law (F = ma), if mass remains constant and force doubles, acceleration also doubles.

6. What is the difference between a ventral and dorsal root of a spinal nerve?

A. Ventral carries motor, dorsal carries sensory information.
B. Ventral carries sensory, dorsal carries motor information.
C. Ventral is larger, dorsal is smaller.
D. Ventral is located anteriorly, dorsal is posteriorly.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Ventral carries motor, dorsal carries sensory information.' Ventral roots of spinal nerves contain motor fibers that carry signals from the central nervous system to muscles and glands, controlling movement and function. Dorsal roots, on the other hand, contain sensory fibers that transmit information such as touch, pain, and temperature from the peripheral nervous system to the central nervous system for processing. Understanding this distinction is crucial for comprehending how information is transmitted and processed in the nervous system.