Nursing Elites

1. Bile, a yellowish-green fluid, is stored in the gallbladder and released into the small intestine during digestion. What is the primary function of bile in digestion?

• A. Break down carbohydrates
• B. Break down proteins
• C. Emulsify fats
• D. Neutralize stomach acid

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The primary function of bile in digestion is to emulsify fats. Bile contains bile salts that help break down large fat globules into smaller droplets, which increases the surface area for enzymes to work on and aids in the absorption of fats in the small intestine. This process is essential for the digestion and absorption of dietary fats. Bile does not directly break down carbohydrates or proteins, and it is not involved in neutralizing stomach acid, making option C the correct answer.

2. Which of the following guidelines should be least considered in formulating objectives for

• A. Written nursing care plan
• B. Holistic approach
• C. Prescribed standards
• D. Staff preferences

Correct answer: D

Rationale: When formulating objectives for a written nursing care plan, staff preferences should be least considered. Objectives should be based on patient needs, evidence-based practice, and professional standards rather than personal preferences of the staff. Prescribed standards ensure quality care and adherence to best practices. A holistic approach considers the whole patient, including physical, emotional, and spiritual aspects. Staff preferences may introduce bias and should not dictate patient care objectives.

3. What is the unit of force in the SI system?

• A. Newton (N)
• B. Kilogram (kg)
• C. Meter (m)
• D. Second (s)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Force is measured in Newtons, named after Isaac Newton who formulated the laws of motion.

4. What is the name of the master gland that regulates the function of many other endocrine glands?

• A. Thyroid gland
• B. Pituitary gland
• C. Hypothalamus
• D. Adrenal gland

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Pituitary gland. The pituitary gland is often referred to as the 'master gland' because it plays a crucial role in regulating the function of many other endocrine glands in the body. It secretes hormones that control various processes such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction. The thyroid gland (A) primarily regulates metabolism, the hypothalamus (C) helps control the pituitary gland, and the adrenal gland (D) produces hormones involved in stress response. Therefore, the pituitary gland is the main gland responsible for coordinating the activities of other endocrine glands, earning it the title of the master gland.

5. Which hormone, produced by the pancreas, acts in opposition to insulin by increasing blood sugar levels?

• A. Insulin
• B. Glucagon
• C. Cortisol
• D. Thyroxine

Correct answer: b

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Glucagon. Glucagon is a hormone produced by the pancreas that acts in opposition to insulin. When blood sugar levels are low, glucagon stimulates the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose, which raises blood sugar levels. Insulin, on the other hand, lowers blood sugar levels by promoting the uptake and storage of glucose. Cortisol, produced by the adrenal glands, plays a role in stress response and metabolism but does not directly regulate blood sugar levels. Thyroxine, produced by the thyroid gland, regulates metabolism but does not directly affect blood sugar levels. Therefore, glucagon is the hormone that acts in opposition to insulin by increasing blood sugar levels.

6. What is a contraceptive method that uses hormones to prevent ovulation?

• A. Spermicide
• B. Barrier method (condom, diaphragm)
• C. Combined oral contraceptive pill
• D. Intrauterine device (IUD)

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Combined oral contraceptive pill. This method uses hormones, such as estrogen and progestin, to prevent ovulation, thicken cervical mucus to block sperm, and thin the uterine lining to prevent implantation of a fertilized egg. Spermicide (A) is a chemical that kills sperm but does not prevent ovulation. Barrier methods (B) like condoms and diaphragms physically block sperm from reaching the egg. Intrauterine devices (IUDs) (D) are inserted into the uterus and work by either releasing hormones or creating a barrier to prevent fertilization, but they do not specifically target ovulation.

Similar Questions