Nursing Elites

1. A new drug successfully treats a disease in mice. This suggests the drug will also be effective in humans. True or False? False. Animal models don't always perfectly translate to humans due to biological differences. Further testing in humans is crucial before drawing conclusions about safety and efficacy. A conclusion based on scientific evidence should be:

• A. Unquestionable and accepted by all scientists.
• B. Open to revision and further testing as new evidence emerges.
• C. Based solely on expert opinions and authority figures.
• D. Always presented as absolute truth with no room for doubt.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Scientific conclusions should always be open to revision and further testing as new evidence emerges. Science is a dynamic process that involves continuous questioning, testing, and refining of ideas based on the most current evidence available. It is essential to remain open-minded and willing to adjust conclusions in light of new information to ensure the most accurate and reliable understanding of the natural world.

2. What happens to the frequency of a wave when its wavelength is doubled, assuming the speed remains constant?

• A. Frequency remains the same.
• B. Frequency is halved.
• C. Frequency is doubled.
• D. Frequency information is insufficient to determine.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Since the wave speed is constant, if the wavelength increases, the frequency must decrease to maintain the same energy transfer per unit time.

3. A birdbath has a hemispherical bowl with a diameter of 30cm. What is its volume?

• A. 675 cu cm
• B. 1350 cu cm
• C. 2700 cu cm
• D. 4050 cu cm

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Use half the formula for a sphere's volume: (2/3) * π * (radius)^3. Calculate the radius (15cm) and substitute: (2/3) * π * (15cm)^3 ≈ 2700 cu cm.

4. Which gland located in the neck is responsible for regulating metabolism, growth, and development?

• A. Parathyroid gland
• B. Thyroid gland
• C. Pituitary gland
• D. Thymus gland

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is located in the neck and plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism, growth, and development. It produces hormones such as thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) that control the body's metabolic rate, affecting energy levels and growth. The parathyroid gland (A) regulates calcium levels in the body, the pituitary gland (C) controls several other glands and their hormone production, and the thymus gland (D) is involved in the immune system's development. Therefore, the thyroid gland is the most appropriate choice for the functions described in the question.

5. What is the unit of measurement for power?

• A. Joule (J)
• B. Newton (N)
• C. Watt (W)
• D. Kilogram-meter (kg·m)

Correct answer: c

Rationale: Power is measured in watts (W) in the SI unit system.

6. Which of the following statements best describes Newton's first law of motion?

• A. An object in motion tends to stay in motion, and an object at rest tends to stay at rest unless acted upon by an external force.
• B. Force equals mass times acceleration.
• C. For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
• D. The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Newton's first law of motion, also known as the law of inertia, states that an object in motion will remain in motion, and an object at rest will remain at rest unless acted upon by an external force. This principle highlights the concept of inertia, which is the tendency of objects to resist changes in their state of motion. Option A accurately captures this fundamental aspect of Newton's first law. Options B, C, and D describe Newton's second law, third law, and the relationship between force, acceleration, and mass, respectively.

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