Nursing Elites

1. A new drug successfully treats a disease in mice. This suggests the drug will also be effective in humans. True or False? False. Animal models don't always perfectly translate to humans due to biological differences. Further testing in humans is crucial before drawing conclusions about safety and efficacy. A conclusion based on scientific evidence should be:

• A. Unquestionable and accepted by all scientists.
• B. Open to revision and further testing as new evidence emerges.
• C. Based solely on expert opinions and authority figures.
• D. Always presented as absolute truth with no room for doubt.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Scientific conclusions should always be open to revision and further testing as new evidence emerges. Science is a dynamic process that involves continuous questioning, testing, and refining of ideas based on the most current evidence available. It is essential to remain open-minded and willing to adjust conclusions in light of new information to ensure the most accurate and reliable understanding of the natural world.

2. A guitar string vibrates at a fundamental frequency of 440 Hz. What is the frequency of the second harmonic (first overtone)?

• A. 220 Hz
• B. 440 Hz
• C. 880 Hz
• D. 1760 Hz

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Harmonics have frequencies that are multiples of the fundamental frequency. The second harmonic has a frequency twice the fundamental, so it's 440 Hz * 2 = 880 Hz.

3. If you compare a 1 M solution of NaCl to a 1 M solution of glucose (C6H12O6) in water, which solution would have the higher boiling point?

• A. The NaCl solution
• B. The glucose solution
• C. They would have the same boiling point
• D. It depends on the temperature

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. When a solute is added to a solvent, it raises the boiling point of the solution due to the phenomenon of boiling point elevation. In this case, NaCl is an ionic compound that dissociates into Na+ and Cl- ions in water, leading to more particles in solution compared to glucose, which remains as individual molecules. Since NaCl forms more particles, it causes a greater boiling point elevation, resulting in the NaCl solution having the higher boiling point. Glucose, being a non-electrolyte, does not dissociate and therefore does not contribute as many particles to the solution as NaCl does. Therefore, the NaCl solution would have the higher boiling point.

4. What is the primary factor that determines whether a solute will dissolve in a solvent?

• A. Temperature
• B. Pressure
• C. Molecular structure
• D. Particle size

Correct answer: c

Rationale: The molecular structure of the solute and solvent plays a key role in determining solubility. The other choices may influence solubility but are not the primary determining factor.

5. Which term refers to the point of contact between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber, where communication occurs to initiate muscle contraction?

• A. Sarcomere
• B. Synapse
• C. Tendon
• D. Myofibril

Correct answer: b

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Synapse. A synapse is the point of contact between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber. At the synapse, communication occurs in the form of neurotransmitters being released from the neuron and binding to receptors on the muscle fiber, initiating muscle contraction. A sarcomere refers to the basic contractile unit of a muscle fiber, not the point of contact between a motor neuron and muscle fiber. A tendon is a fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone, not the communication point. Myofibril is a structure within muscle fibers that contains sarcomeres, but it is not the specific term for the point of contact between a motor neuron and muscle fiber.

6. Which type of cell is responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body?

• A. Nerve cell
• B. Muscle cell
• C. Skin cell
• D. Red blood cell

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Red blood cell. Red blood cells, also known as erythrocytes, are responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body. They contain hemoglobin, a protein that binds to oxygen in the lungs and transports it to tissues and organs. Nerve cells (option A) transmit electrical signals, muscle cells (option B) are involved in movement, and skin cells (option C) form the outer layer of the skin and provide protection.

Similar Questions