1. What is the term for the small air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide) takes place?

A. Bronchi
B. Alveoli
C. Trachea
D. Bronchioles

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Alveoli. Alveoli are the small air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs. Oxygen from the air we breathe diffuses into the blood in the capillaries surrounding the alveoli, while carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the alveoli to be exhaled. Bronchi (A) are the large airways that branch off the trachea (C) and lead into the lungs. Bronchioles (D) are smaller airways that branch off the bronchi. Understanding the structure and function of the respiratory system is important for comprehending how oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is removed from the body.

2. Identify the determiner in the following sentence: A few birds chirped happily in the branches of the tall tree.

A. happily
B. ranches
C. few
D. tree

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Determiners specify the quantity or identity of a noun. "Few" indicates the number of birds.

3. Which sentence avoids a dangling modifier?

A. Walking down the street, a bird swooped down from a tree.
B. Having finished the report, it was time for lunch.
C. Reading the book, I learned a lot about ancient history.
D. Exhausted from the hike, the tent was a welcome sight.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Option C places the participle phrase "Reading the book" in front of the subject "I," eliminating the dangling modifier.

4. Distinguish between the digestive and respiratory systems.

A. Mouth
B. Stomach
C. Small intestine
D. Lungs

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: - The mouth, stomach, and small intestine are all parts of the digestive system, responsible for breaking down food into nutrients that can be absorbed by the body. - The lungs are part of the respiratory system, responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and the environment through breathing. - While the digestive system processes food for energy and nutrients, the respiratory system is focused on the exchange of gases necessary for cellular respiration.

5. What is the general formula for an alcohol?

A. CnH2n
B. CnH2n+2
C. CnH2n-1
D. CnH2nO

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The general formula for an alcohol is $C_nH_{2n}O$, indicating the presence of a hydroxyl group (-OH).

6. The ball-and-socket joint, which allows for wide range of motion, is found in the connection between:

A. Upper arm and shoulder blade (scapula)
B. Collarbone (clavicle) and breastbone (sternum)
C. Two vertebrae in the spine
D. Ribs and sternum

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Upper arm and shoulder blade (scapula).' The ball-and-socket joint is found in the connection between the humerus (upper arm bone) and the scapula (shoulder blade). This joint allows for a wide range of motion, including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation. The collarbone (clavicle) and breastbone (sternum) are connected by a cartilaginous joint, not a ball-and-socket joint. Two vertebrae in the spine are connected by facet joints, and the ribs and sternum are connected by cartilaginous joints and the costovertebral joints. Therefore, the ball-and-socket joint is uniquely found in the connection between the upper arm and the shoulder blade, allowing for the shoulder's impressive range of motion.