Nursing Elites

1. What is the general formula for an alkene?

• A. CnH2n+2
• B. CnH2n
• C. CnH2n-2
• D. CnH2n+1

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The general formula for an alkene is \(C_nH_{2n}\), indicating the presence of a double bond between carbon atoms.

2. What effect does doubling the net force applied to an object have on its acceleration, assuming mass remains constant?

• A. Acceleration doubles
• B. Acceleration is halved
• C. Acceleration remains the same
• D. Acceleration quadruples

Correct answer: a

Rationale: According to Newton's second law (F = ma), if mass remains constant and force doubles, acceleration also doubles.

3. What is the function of arrector pili muscles?

• A. To control sweat production
• B. To contract and cause goosebumps
• C. To produce sebum
• D. To sense touch

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'To contract and cause goosebumps.' Arrector pili muscles are small muscles attached to hair follicles in the skin. When these muscles contract, they cause the hair to stand upright, resulting in the appearance of goosebumps. This physiological response is a remnant of our evolutionary past when our ancestors had more hair, and the raised hair helped to trap air for insulation or to make them look larger when threatened. Therefore, the function of arrector pili muscles is not to control sweat production (A), produce sebum (C), or sense touch (D), but rather to create the physical response of goosebumps.

4. When sodium hydroxide (NaOH) reacts with hydrochloric acid (HCl), the resulting product is:

• A. Hydrogen gas and sodium chloride (NaCl)
• B. Chlorine gas and sodium oxide (Na2O)
• C. Sodium metal (Na) and water (H2O)
• D. No reaction occurs.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: This is a classic neutralization reaction, forming water and a salt (sodium chloride).

5. A doctor orders 1 gram of a medication to be administered intravenously. The available vial contains 200 milligrams per milliliter. How many milliliters of the solution should be drawn up?

• A. 4 milliliters
• B. 5 milliliters
• C. 10 milliliters
• D. 20 milliliters

Correct answer: B

Rationale: First convert grams to milligrams (1 gram * 1000 milligrams/gram = 1000 milligrams). Then, divide the desired dosage by the concentration per milliliter: 1000 milligrams / 200 milligrams/milliliter = 5 milliliters.

6. Diabetic nephropathy, a complication of diabetes, affects the:

• A. Ureters
• B. Bladder
• C. Urethra
• D. Nephrons

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Nephrons. Diabetic nephropathy is a type of kidney disease that occurs as a complication of diabetes. It specifically affects the nephrons, which are the functional units of the kidneys responsible for filtering waste and excess fluids from the blood to produce urine. Damage to the nephrons can lead to kidney failure and other serious complications in individuals with diabetes. Therefore, understanding the impact of diabetes on the nephrons is crucial for managing diabetic nephropathy effectively.

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