Nursing Elites

1. The van't Hoff factor (i) accounts for the number of particles a solute dissociates into in solution. For a compound that dissociates completely in water, i would be...

• A. 0
• B. Less than 1
• C. 1
• D. More than 1

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The van't Hoff factor (i) is used to account for the number of particles a solute dissociates into in solution. For a compound that dissociates completely in water, such as a strong electrolyte, i would be equal to the total number of ions produced by the dissociation. Since the compound dissociates completely, it forms an equal number of ions, resulting in an i value of 1. Therefore, the correct answer is C: 1.

2. What happens to the speed of a sound wave when it travels from air to water?

• A. It increases because water is denser.
• B. It decreases because water is denser.
• C. It remains the same.
• D. Speed depends on the frequency, not the medium.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Sound waves travel faster in denser mediums like water compared to air due to stronger interactions between particles.

3. The process by which a solid changes directly into a liquid is called:

• A. Melting
• B. Condensation
• C. Sublimation
• D. Deposition

Correct answer: D

Rationale: While melting is a solid to liquid transition, deposition, also known as sublimation, refers to a gas directly changing into a solid.

4. The theory of evolution by natural selection suggests that:

• A. Organisms evolve towards perfection
• B. Traits are acquired through use and disuse
• C. Individuals with favorable traits survive and reproduce more
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: A) Organisms evolve towards perfection - This statement is incorrect. Evolution by natural selection does not suggest that organisms evolve towards perfection. Instead, it emphasizes the adaptation of organisms to their environment over time. B) Traits are acquired through use and disuse - This statement reflects Lamarck's theory of evolution, not Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. Lamarck proposed that organisms could acquire traits during their lifetime and pass them on to their offspring, which has been largely discredited. C) Individuals with favorable traits survive and reproduce more - This statement accurately reflects the central concept of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. Individuals with traits that are advantageous in their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on those traits to future generations. D) All of the above - This option is incorrect because not all of the statements are true. Only option C a

5. Temperature Conversion & Interpretation: A patient's body temperature is 102°F. Convert this to °C and assess if it indicates a fever.

• A. 37°C (Normal)
• B. 39°C (Low-grade fever)
• C. 39°C (Fever)
• D. 42°C (Hyperthermia)

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: 1. To convert Fahrenheit to Celsius, you can use the formula: °C = (°F - 32) x 5/9. 2. Given that the patient's body temperature is 102°F, we can calculate the equivalent temperature in Celsius: °C = (102 - 32) x 5/9 °C = 70 x 5/9 °C = 350/9 °C ≈ 38.9°C, which can be rounded to 39°C. 3. A body temperature of 39°C is considered to indicate a fever. Normal body temperature typically ranges from 36.1°C to 37.2°C, so a temperature of 39°C is higher than the normal range and suggests a fever. 4. Options A and B are incorrect as they do not reflect the conversion of 102°F to °C

6. A blog post criticizes a scientific study due to the author's political views. Is this a valid critique?

• A. Yes, if the author identifies specific flaws in the methodology.
• B. Yes, if the author disagrees with the study's conclusions.
• C. o, scientific evaluation should be based on evidence, not personal beliefs.
• D. No, unless the author has scientific expertise themselves.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Criticism in science should focus on methodology, data analysis, and evidence, not personal agendas or political opinions.

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