Nursing Elites

1. What is the term for the process of separating the components of a solution based on their different rates of movement through a medium?

• A. Filtration
• B. Distillation
• C. Chromatography
• D. Precipitation

Correct answer: c

Rationale: Chromatography is a technique used to separate the components of a solution based on their different rates of movement through a medium. The other choices are different separation techniques.

2. The fundamental units of structure and function in all living organisms, including humans, are termed:

• A. Muscles
• B. Organs
• C. Tissues
• D. Cells

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Cells. Cells are the fundamental units of structure and function in all living organisms, including humans. They are the building blocks of life, performing various functions necessary for an organism to survive and thrive. Muscles (A) are composed of muscle tissue, which is made up of muscle cells. Organs (B) are structures made up of different types of tissues working together. Tissues (C) are groups of cells that work together to perform specific functions within an organism. However, cells are the smallest unit of life and are responsible for carrying out all the essential processes needed for an organism to function.

3. Which of the following is TRUE about functional nursing?

• A. Concentrates on tasks and activities
• B. Emphasizes use of group collaboration
• C. One-to-one nurse-patient ratio
• D. Provides continuous, coordinated and comprehensive nursing services

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: "Emphasizes use of group collaboration." Functional nursing is a task-oriented approach where team members specialize in specific tasks or activities. In this model, nurses work together in groups to provide care to a larger number of patients efficiently. This differs from the one-to-one nurse-patient ratio (C) and the continuous, coordinated, and comprehensive nursing services (D). While functional nursing concentrates on tasks (A), the key feature emphasized in this care delivery model is the use of group collaboration to provide care effectively.

4. What is the process by which damaged muscle tissue repairs and rebuilds itself?

• A. Degeneration
• B. Regeneration
• C. Hyperplasia
• D. Metaplasia

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: "Regeneration." Regeneration is the process by which damaged muscle tissue repairs and rebuilds itself by replacing the damaged cells with new, healthy cells. Degeneration refers to the deterioration of tissue, not the repair process. Hyperplasia is the increase in cell number, and metaplasia is the transformation of one cell type into another, neither of which directly relate to the repair process of damaged muscle tissue. Therefore, the most appropriate term for the described process is regeneration.

5. What is the name of the condition characterized by swelling caused by a buildup of lymph fluid?

• A. Anemia
• B. Edema
• C. Hypertension
• D. Diabetes

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Edema. Edema is the condition characterized by swelling caused by a buildup of lymph fluid in the body's tissues. Anemia (A) is a condition characterized by a lack of healthy red blood cells, not swelling. Hypertension (C) is high blood pressure, which does not directly cause swelling. Diabetes (D) is a metabolic disorder affecting blood sugar levels and does not directly lead to lymph fluid buildup and swelling.

6. What is the name of the growth plates in children's bones where new bone tissue is formed?

• A. Epiphyses
• B. Diaphysis
• C. Periosteum
• D. Medullary cavity

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Epiphyses. Epiphyses are the growth plates located at the ends of children's long bones where new bone tissue is formed. These plates are responsible for longitudinal bone growth until they close during adolescence. The diaphysis (B) is the shaft or main portion of a long bone, while the periosteum (C) is the outer membrane covering the bone. The medullary cavity (D) is the central cavity of bone shafts where bone marrow is stored. Understanding the terminology for different parts of bones is essential for comprehending bone growth and development in children.

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