ATI TEAS 7
Chemistry
1. What is the term for a solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a specific temperature and pressure?
- A. Saturated solution
- B. Unsaturated solution
- C. Dilute solution
- D. Concentrated solution
Correct answer: A
Rationale: A saturated solution is one in which the maximum amount of solute has dissolved under specific conditions. The other choices do not accurately describe a saturated solution.
2. Endotoxins are toxic substances released by:
- A. Viruses
- B. Bacteria (gram-positive)
- C. Bacteria (gram-negative)
- D. Parasites
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: Endotoxins are toxic substances that are part of the outer membrane of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria. These toxins are released when the bacteria are destroyed or during bacterial growth. Endotoxins can cause a variety of harmful effects in the host, including fever, inflammation, and septic shock. Viruses do not produce endotoxins, and gram-positive bacteria produce exotoxins rather than endotoxins. Parasites are not typically associated with the production of endotoxins.
3. What is the momentum of a car with a mass of 1500 kg moving at a speed of 20 m/s?
- A. 30,000 kg m/s
- B. 1500 kg m/s
- C. 20 kg m/s
- D. Momentum cannot be determined without knowing the direction of motion.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Momentum is defined as the product of mass and velocity. Momentum = mass x velocity = 1500 kg x 20 m/s = 30,000 kg m/s.
4. How does an increase in mass affect the force required to produce the same acceleration on an object?
- A. Increases force required
- B. Decreases force required
- C. Has no effect on force required
- D. Causes unpredictable changes in force required
Correct answer: a
Rationale: With an increase in mass, more force is needed to produce the same acceleration due to inertia.
5. What is the difference between active and passive immunity?
- A. Active immunity is short-lived, while passive immunity is long-lasting.
- B. Active immunity involves the body's own immune response, while passive immunity provides immediate protection through antibodies from another source.
- C. Active immunity only protects against bacterial infections, while passive immunity works against both bacteria and viruses.
- D. Passive immunity requires repeated vaccinations, while active immunity is a one-time process.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: "Active immunity involves the body's own immune response, while passive immunity provides immediate protection through antibodies from another source." Active immunity is long-lasting because it involves the body's immune system producing memory cells that remember specific pathogens, providing long-term protection. Passive immunity, on the other hand, is short-lived as it involves receiving pre-formed antibodies from an external source, such as through maternal transfer or injection of antibodies, which do not create memory cells for long-lasting protection.
6. What are the three main types of RNA?
- A. Messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA)
- B. DNA, RNA, and protein
- C. Adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine
- D. Deoxyribose, ribose, and phosphate
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: - Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. - Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a structural component of ribosomes, which are the cellular machinery responsible for protein synthesis. - Transfer RNA (tRNA) is responsible for bringing amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis. Options B, C, and D are incorrect: - Option B lists DNA, RNA, and protein, which are biomolecules but not the three main types of RNA. - Option C lists nitrogenous bases (adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine) found in DNA, not types of RNA. - Option D lists components of nucleotides (deoxyribose, ribose, and phosphate), which are building blocks of nucleic
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