Nursing Elites

1. A diabetic patient's blood sugar is 180mg/dL. Their usual insulin dose is 1 unit per 40mg/dL above 100mg/dL. How much insulin should be administered?

• A. 2 units
• B. 3 units
• C. 4 units
• D. 5 units

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: 1. Calculate the excess blood sugar above 100mg/dL: 180mg/dL - 100mg/dL = 80mg/dL. 2. Determine the insulin dose based on the patient's usual insulin dose: 80mg/dL / 40mg/dL = 2 units. 3. Add the calculated insulin dose to the patient's usual insulin dose: 1 unit (usual dose) + 2 units (calculated dose) = 3 units. Therefore, the correct answer is 3 units of insulin should be administered to the diabetic patient with a blood sugar level of 180mg/dL.

2. Electroencephalography (EEG) measures electrical activity in the brain, primarily reflecting the activity of:

• A. Neurons
• B. Astrocytes
• C. Oligodendrocytes
• D. Microglia

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Neurons. Electroencephalography (EEG) measures the electrical activity in the brain, which is primarily generated by the neurons. Neurons are the main cells responsible for transmitting electrical signals in the brain, making them the key source of the brain's electrical activity. Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia are important supporting cells in the brain but do not generate the electrical impulses that EEG measures. Therefore, the correct choice is A: Neurons.

3. Identify the participial phrase in the following sentence: "Running through the park, she spotted a squirrel."

• A. Running
• B. through the park
• C. she spotted
• D. a squirrel

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A participial phrase acts as an adjective but is formed from a verb.

4. A solution is 60% alcohol. If 200ml of the solution are used, how much pure alcohol is present?

• A. 100ml
• B. 120ml
• C. 140ml
• D. 160ml

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Multiply the total solution volume (200ml) by the alcohol percentage (60%)

5. Differentiate between genotype and phenotype in the context of gene expression.

• A. Genotype refers to the physical manifestation of a trait, while phenotype represents its underlying genetic makeup.
• B. Genotype encompasses the spectrum of possible traits encoded by an organism's genes, while phenotype signifies the specific trait observed.
• C. Genotype denotes the presence of dominant alleles, while phenotype reflects the influence of recessive alleles.
• D. There is no distinction; both terms are interchangeable.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: - Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, including all the genes and alleles it possesses. - Phenotype, on the other hand, refers to the observable physical characteristics or traits of an organism, which result from the interaction between its genotype and the environment. - While genotype represents the genetic potential or range of traits that an organism can express, phenotype reflects the actual expression of specific traits. - Therefore, option B correctly captures the distinction between genotype and phenotype in the context of gene expression.

6. What is the largest lymphatic vessel in the body?

• A. Jugular vein
• B. Thoracic duct
• C. Subclavian vein
• D. Aorta

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Thoracic duct. The thoracic duct is the largest lymphatic vessel in the body, responsible for draining lymph from the lower half of the body, the left side of the head and neck, and the left arm. The jugular vein (A) and subclavian vein (C) are both blood vessels, not lymphatic vessels. The aorta (D) is the largest artery in the body, responsible for carrying oxygenated blood away from the heart. Understanding the anatomy of the lymphatic system is crucial for understanding the circulation and immune functions of the body.

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