TEAS 7 Biology: Master Key Concepts

ATI TEAS 7

Biology

1. Which of the following is the main organ responsible for regulating sleep?

A. Thalamus
B. Hypothalamus
C. Pituitary gland
D. Pineal gland

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: The hypothalamus is the main organ responsible for regulating sleep. It plays a crucial role in controlling the body's circadian rhythm, which is the internal clock that regulates the sleep-wake cycle. The hypothalamus receives input from the eyes about light and darkness, which helps in determining when it is time to sleep or wake up. It also regulates the production of melatonin by the pineal gland, which is a hormone that helps control sleep patterns. While the thalamus is involved in relaying sensory information to the brain, the pituitary gland is responsible for producing and releasing hormones, and the pineal gland produces melatonin under the control of the hypothalamus.

2. You need to fill a rectangular swimming pool with dimensions 10 meters by 5 meters and a depth of 2 meters. How many cubic meters of water does it take to fill the pool?

A. 50 cu m
B. 100 cu m
C. 150 cu m
D. 200 cu m

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Simply multiply the pool's dimensions to find its volume.

3. Two identical balls, one made of clay and the other made of steel, are dropped from the same height. Which ball reaches the ground first, neglecting air resistance?

A. The clay ball due to its lower density
B. The steel ball due to its higher density
C. Both balls reach the ground simultaneously
D. It depends on the initial velocities of the balls

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In a vacuum (neglecting air resistance), the acceleration due to gravity is constant for all objects regardless of their mass or composition. This means both balls will experience the same acceleration and reach the ground at the same time.

4. What is the difference between active and passive immunity?

A. Active immunity is short-lived, while passive immunity is long-lasting.
B. Active immunity involves the body's own immune response, while passive immunity provides immediate protection through antibodies from another source.
C. Active immunity only protects against bacterial infections, while passive immunity works against both bacteria and viruses.
D. Passive immunity requires repeated vaccinations, while active immunity is a one-time process.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: "Active immunity involves the body's own immune response, while passive immunity provides immediate protection through antibodies from another source." Active immunity is long-lasting because it involves the body's immune system producing memory cells that remember specific pathogens, providing long-term protection. Passive immunity, on the other hand, is short-lived as it involves receiving pre-formed antibodies from an external source, such as through maternal transfer or injection of antibodies, which do not create memory cells for long-lasting protection.

5. Which of the following terms refers to the abnormal sound heard during a stethoscope examination, potentially indicating a heart valve issue?

A. Tachycardia
B. Bradycardia
C. Heart murmur
D. Arrhythmia

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Arrhythmia. An arrhythmia refers to an irregular heart rhythm, which can manifest as abnormal sounds heard during a stethoscope examination. Tachycardia (A) and bradycardia (B) both pertain to heart rate abnormalities, with tachycardia indicating a fast heart rate and bradycardia a slow heart rate. However, these terms do not specifically relate to abnormal sounds. Heart murmur (C) is the term that refers to the abnormal sound heard during a stethoscope examination, potentially indicating a heart valve issue. Therefore, the correct answer is D as it best fits the description provided in the question.