1. Dietary fiber, although not fully digested by the body, plays a crucial role in digestion. What is one of the main benefits of consuming sufficient dietary fiber?

A. Provides a concentrated source of energy
B. Aids in the absorption of vitamins and minerals
C. Promotes satiety and gut health
D. Breaks down complex carbohydrates

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Consuming sufficient dietary fiber promotes satiety and gut health. Fiber adds bulk to the diet, which helps you feel full and satisfied after meals, reducing overeating. Additionally, fiber helps regulate bowel movements by promoting healthy digestion and preventing constipation. It also feeds beneficial gut bacteria, supporting a healthy gut microbiome. While fiber does not provide energy like carbohydrates, it is essential for overall digestive health and can help prevent various chronic diseases.

2. Which vitamin is known to play a vital role in immune function?

A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin B12
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin E

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is Vitamin D. Vitamin D is known to play a vital role in immune function as it helps regulate the immune system's response to infections and reduces inflammation. It is involved in the production of antimicrobial peptides that help fight off pathogens. Vitamin A is important for vision and skin health, Vitamin B12 is essential for red blood cell formation and neurological function, and Vitamin E is an antioxidant that protects cells from damage. However, Vitamin D specifically stands out for its crucial role in supporting the immune system, making it the correct answer in this context.

3. A light ray travels from air (refractive index 1.00) into water (refractive index 1.33). What happens to its speed and direction?

A. Speed increases, direction bends towards the normal.
B. Speed increases, direction bends away from the normal.
C. Speed decreases, direction bends towards the normal.
D. Speed and direction remain unchanged.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Due to the change in refractive index, the light ray bends towards the normal (water) as it slows down upon entering the denser medium.

4. What is the term for the number of moles of solute per liter of solution?

A. Molarity
B. Molality
C. Normality
D. Concentration

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Molarity is defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. The other choices are different concentration units.

5. What is the difference between constructive and destructive interference of waves?

A. They have the same effect on wave amplitude.
B. Constructive interference increases amplitude, while destructive interference decreases it.
C. They only affect light waves, not sound waves.
D. They depend on wave speed, not amplitude.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Constructive interference occurs when peaks of two waves overlap, resulting in a higher combined amplitude. Destructive interference happens when peaks and troughs overlap, cancelling each other out and reducing the overall amplitude.

6. Which of the following statements is NOT true about performance appraisal?

A. Informing the staff about the specific impressions of their work help improve their
B. A verbal appraisal is an acceptable substitute for a written report
C. Patients are the best source of information regarding personnel appraisal.
D. The outcome of performance appraisal rests primarily with the staff.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Option A is the correct answer because informing staff about specific impressions of their work can be subjective and may not always lead to improvement. Performance appraisal should be based on objective criteria and feedback. Verbal appraisals can lack documentation and clarity, making a written report a more reliable form of evaluation. Patients may provide valuable input on staff interactions, but they may not have the full context to assess job performance comprehensively. The outcome of performance appraisal should involve both the staff and the appraiser, as it is a collaborative process to identify strengths and areas for development.