ATI TEAS 7
Biology
1. Which of the following is the main organ responsible for absorbing nutrients?
- A. Stomach
- B. Small intestine
- C. Large intestine
- D. Pancreas
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Rationale: The small intestine is the main organ responsible for absorbing nutrients from the food we eat. It is where the majority of digestion and absorption of nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals occurs. The inner lining of the small intestine is covered in tiny finger-like projections called villi, which increase the surface area available for nutrient absorption. The stomach plays a role in breaking down food into smaller particles, but the actual absorption of nutrients primarily takes place in the small intestine. The large intestine mainly absorbs water and electrolytes, while the pancreas produces digestive enzymes and hormones but is not primarily responsible for absorbing nutrients.
2. The gradual change in a species over time in response to environmental pressures is best described by:
- A. Punctuated equilibrium (rapid bursts of evolution)
- B. Gradualism (slow and continuous change)
- C. Founder effect (genetic drift in a small population)
- D. Adaptive radiation (rapid diversification of a species)
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Rationale: A) Punctuated equilibrium refers to rapid bursts of evolution followed by long periods of stability, rather than gradual change over time in response to environmental pressures. B) Gradualism is the process by which species evolve through slow and continuous changes over time in response to environmental pressures. This gradual change can lead to the development of new traits and adaptations. C) Founder effect is a type of genetic drift that occurs when a small group of individuals establishes a new population, leading to a loss of genetic variation compared to the original population. It does not specifically describe the gradual change in a species over time. D) Adaptive radiation is the rapid diversification of a species into a variety of forms to exploit different ecological niches, but it does not specifically refer to the gradual change in response to environmental pressures. Therefore, the best description of the gradual change in a species over time in response to e
3. The primary site for nutrient absorption from digested food in the human digestive system is the:
- A. Esophagus
- B. Large intestine
- C. Small intestine
- D. Stomach
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Small intestine. The small intestine is the primary site for nutrient absorption in the human digestive system. It is in the small intestine where the majority of nutrients, such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, are broken down further and absorbed into the bloodstream to be utilized by the body. The large surface area of the small intestine, lined with villi and microvilli, facilitates efficient absorption of nutrients. The esophagus is responsible for transporting food from the mouth to the stomach, the stomach aids in digestion, and the large intestine primarily absorbs water and electrolytes, not nutrients.
4. When water boils, it changes from a liquid to a gas. This is an example of a:
- A. Chemical reaction
- B. Physical change
- C. Nuclear reaction
- D. Biological process
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Physical change - Boiling water involves a change in state, not the chemical composition of the molecules. Chemical reactions involve breaking and forming new bonds, which is not the case here.
5. What is the scientific unit used to measure the radioactivity of a substance?
- A. Becquerel (Bq)
- B. Joule (J)
- C. Newton (N)
- D. Kelvin (K)
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Becquerel measures the number of nuclear decays per second in a radioactive sample.
6. The process of bone formation and breakdown is called:
- A. Ossification
- B. Resorption
- C. Remodeling
- D. All of the above
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Remodeling.' Bone remodeling is the continuous process of bone formation (ossification) and breakdown (resorption). Ossification refers to the formation of bone tissue, while resorption is the breakdown and removal of old bone tissue. The term 'remodeling' encompasses both of these processes, making it the most appropriate choice. While ossification and resorption are part of bone remodeling, they do not cover the entire process on their own, hence 'All of the above' is incorrect.
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