Nursing Elites

1. What happens to the gravitational potential energy of an object as it falls freely?

• A. It decreases
• B. It increases
• C. It remains constant
• D. It becomes zero

Correct answer: a

Rationale: Gravitational potential energy decreases as an object falls freely due to a decrease in its height.

2. What type of genetic variation is caused by changes in the DNA sequence?

• A. Epigenetic variation
• B. Phenotypic variation
• C. Genotypic variation
• D. Behavioral variation

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: A) Epigenetic variation refers to changes in gene expression that do not involve alterations in the DNA sequence itself. These changes can be influenced by environmental factors. B) Phenotypic variation refers to differences in observable traits or characteristics of an organism, which can be influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. C) Genotypic variation is caused by changes in the DNA sequence, such as mutations or genetic recombination. These changes directly impact the genetic information carried by an organism. D) Behavioral variation refers to differences in behavior among individuals of the same species, which can be influenced by genetic, environmental, and experiential factors.

3. In which part of the cell are proteins modified, sorted, and packaged for transport?

• A. Ribosomes
• B. Golgi apparatus
• C. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
• D. Lysosomes

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The Golgi apparatus is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for transport. After proteins are synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER), they are transported to the Golgi apparatus where they undergo post-translational modifications and are sorted into vesicles for transport to their final destinations. Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis, the endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein synthesis and folding, and lysosomes are responsible for digesting cellular waste. Therefore, the correct answer is B, Golgi apparatus, as it is specifically involved in the modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins for transport.

4. Deficiency in which vitamin can lead to a condition called pernicious anemia, affecting vitamin B12 absorption in the digestive system?

• A. Vitamin A
• B. Vitamin B12 (cobalamin)
• C. Vitamin D
• D. Vitamin E

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Vitamin B12 (cobalamin). Pernicious anemia is a condition caused by a deficiency in vitamin B12, which is essential for the production of red blood cells and for the proper functioning of the nervous system. This vitamin is primarily absorbed in the digestive system, particularly in the ileum of the small intestine. In pernicious anemia, there is a lack of intrinsic factor, a protein produced by the stomach, which is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12. Deficiencies in other vitamins like Vitamin A, Vitamin D, or Vitamin E do not directly lead to pernicious anemia. Therefore, the correct answer is Vitamin B12.

5. Which of the following colligative properties refers to the elevation of the boiling point of a solution?

• A. Freezing point depression
• B. Vapor pressure lowering
• C. Osmotic pressure
• D. Boiling point elevation

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Freezing point depression. Colligative properties are properties that depend on the number of solute particles in a solution, not the type of solute. Freezing point depression is the phenomenon where the freezing point of a solvent is lowered when a solute is added, while boiling point elevation is the opposite effect where the boiling point of a solution is raised. Therefore, the question specifically asked for the colligative property that refers to the elevation of the boiling point, making "Freezing point depression" the correct answer.

6. During photosynthesis, plants capture sunlight and convert water and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen. This is an example of a:

• A. Decomposition reaction
• B. Combustion reaction
• C. Synthesis reaction
• D. Double displacement reaction

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Synthesis reaction. During photosynthesis, plants combine water and carbon dioxide using sunlight to produce glucose and oxygen. In a synthesis reaction, two or more substances combine to form a more complex product. In this case, glucose and oxygen are synthesized from simpler molecules. A decomposition reaction involves breaking down a compound into simpler substances, which is not the case in photosynthesis. Combustion reactions involve the rapid reaction of a fuel with oxygen to produce heat and light, which is also not the process occurring in photosynthesis. Double displacement reactions involve the exchange of ions between two compounds to form new compounds, which is not the mechanism of photosynthesis. Therefore, the process described in the question aligns with a synthesis reaction.

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