Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is the main function of the heart?

• A. To filter blood
• B. To exchange gases
• C. To pump blood throughout the body
• D. To produce hormones

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: The main function of the heart is to pump blood throughout the body. The heart is a muscular organ that works as a pump to circulate blood, which carries oxygen and nutrients to the body's tissues and removes waste products. Option A is incorrect because the kidneys are responsible for filtering blood. Option B is incorrect because the exchange of gases, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, occurs in the lungs. Option D is incorrect because hormone production is primarily carried out by endocrine glands such as the pituitary gland and the thyroid gland.

2. The T wave on an ECG corresponds to:

• A. Atrial depolarization
• B. Ventricular depolarization
• C. Atrial repolarization
• D. Ventricular repolarization

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The T wave on an ECG corresponds to ventricular repolarization. During this phase, the ventricles are resetting electrically after contraction, preparing for the next heartbeat. Atrial depolarization is represented by the P wave, ventricular depolarization by the QRS complex, and atrial repolarization is typically hidden within the QRS complex. Therefore, option D, 'Ventricular repolarization,' is the correct choice when identifying the electrical activity represented by the T wave on an ECG.

3. What is the scientific term for a broken bone?

• A. Osteoporosis
• B. Fracture
• C. Sprain
• D. Dislocation

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Fracture.' A fracture is the scientific term used to describe a broken bone. Osteoporosis (A) is a condition where bones become weak and brittle, increasing the risk of fractures. A sprain (C) is an injury to a ligament, not a bone. A dislocation (D) occurs when the bones in a joint are forced out of their normal position, but it is not the term for a broken bone.

4. Which blood vessels are responsible for carrying oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body?

• A. Veins
• B. Arteries
• C. Capillaries
• D. Venules

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Arteries. Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body. They have thick and elastic walls to withstand the high pressure generated by the pumping action of the heart. Veins, on the other hand, carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart, while capillaries are tiny blood vessels where the exchange of oxygen and nutrients occurs. Venules are small veins that collect blood from capillaries and transport it to larger veins. Therefore, arteries are specifically designed to transport oxygenated blood away from the heart, making them the correct choice in this question.

5. The process by which a cell divides to produce two daughter cells is called:

• A. Mitosis
• B. Meiosis
• C. Differentiation
• D. Transformation

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: "Mitosis." Mitosis is the process of cell division in which a cell duplicates its chromosomes and divides into two identical daughter cells. This is a crucial mechanism for growth, repair, and maintenance of multicellular organisms. Meiosis (option B) is a different type of cell division that produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes. Differentiation (option C) refers to the process by which cells become specialized for specific functions. Transformation (option D) is a term used in molecular biology to describe the uptake of foreign DNA by a cell. In this question, the specific process of cell division leading to the production of two daughter cells aligns with mitosis.

6. Which of the following is NOT a state of matter?

• A. Solid
• B. Liquid
• C. Gas
• D. Superfluid

Correct answer: D

Rationale: While superfluids exhibit some liquid-like properties, they are a distinct state of matter with unique characteristics beyond the traditional solid, liquid, gas, and plasma classifications.

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