Nursing Elites

1. Myelin sheath, a fatty substance, insulates nerve fibers. What type of tissue is the myelin sheath derived from?

• A. Epithelial tissue
• B. Muscle tissue
• C. Nervous tissue (glial cells)
• D. Connective tissue

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The myelin sheath is derived from nervous tissue, specifically from glial cells, which are non-neuronal cells that support and protect neurons in the nervous system. Glial cells, such as Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system, produce the myelin sheath to insulate nerve fibers and enhance the speed of nerve impulse conduction. Epithelial tissue forms the protective covering of internal and external surfaces, muscle tissue is responsible for movement, and connective tissue provides support and structure to the body. Therefore, the correct answer is C: Nervous tissue (glial cells).

2. Which word is spelled correctly?

• A. Accomodate
• B. Acquiesce
• C. Percieve
• D. Dilema

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Option B is the correct spelling for "to submit or agree without protest."

3. Which condition involves an overactive immune system attacking healthy tissues, leading to inflammation and damage?

• A. Immunodeficiency
• B. Autoimmune disease
• C. Allergy
• D. Cancer

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Autoimmune disease. Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells and tissues in the body, leading to inflammation and damage. Immunodeficiency (option A) is the opposite, where the immune system is weakened or not functioning properly. Allergies (option C) involve the immune system overreacting to harmless substances. Cancer (option D) is characterized by uncontrolled cell growth, not by the immune system attacking healthy tissues.

4. The transfer of energy through feeding relationships in an ecosystem is called a:

• A. Food Chain
• B. Food Web
• C. Habitat
• D. Biome

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: A food chain is a linear sequence of organisms where each organism consumes the one below it and is consumed by the one above it. This transfer of energy through feeding relationships is a fundamental concept in ecology to understand how energy flows through an ecosystem. In a food chain, energy is transferred from producers (plants) to primary consumers (herbivores), then to secondary consumers (carnivores), and so on. Each step in the food chain represents a trophic level, and energy is lost as heat at each level, resulting in a pyramid-shaped energy flow. Food webs, on the other hand, represent a more complex network of interconnected food chains within an ecosystem. Habitats refer to the specific environment where an organism lives, and biomes are large geographical areas characterized by specific climate and vegetation types.

5. How do isotopes affect the atomic mass of an element?

• A. Isotopes have no effect on the atomic mass of an element.
• B. Isotopes cause the atomic mass of an element to vary slightly.
• C. Isotopes cause the atomic mass of an element to be exactly the same for all isotopes of that element.
• D. Isotopes cause the atomic mass of an element to vary greatly.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The atomic mass of an element is the average mass of all the isotopes of that element. Since isotopes have different numbers of neutrons, they also have slightly different masses. This variation in mass is what causes the atomic mass of an element to be a decimal number, rather than a whole number.

6. A decorative box has a rectangular base (20cm by 15cm) and a hemispherical top with the same diameter as the base. What is the total surface area of the box (excluding the base)?

• A. 825 sq cm
• B. 1075 sq cm
• C. 1325 sq cm
• D. 1575 sq cm

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Calculate the surface area of the lateral sides and the hemisphere, then add them up.

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