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Nursing Elites

ATI TEAS 7

Chemistry

1. What is the difference between the atomic number and the mass number of an atom?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The atomic number and the mass number are two fundamental properties of an atom. They provide important information about the identity and structure of an element.

2. What principle explains the relationship between pressure, volume, and temperature for ideal gases?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The ideal gas law (PV = nRT) relates pressure, volume, and temperature for ideal gases at constant number of moles and temperature.

3. What is the breakdown product of creatine phosphate, an energy source used for short bursts of muscle activity?

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The breakdown product of creatine phosphate is creatine. Creatine phosphate is stored in muscle cells and rapidly converts to creatine to provide energy for short bursts of muscle activity, such as weightlifting or sprinting. It is not converted into glucose, lactic acid, or carbon dioxide. Creatine is then further broken down into creatinine, which is excreted in urine. Therefore, the correct answer is D: Creatine.

4. What happens to the kinetic energy of an object when its velocity is doubled?

Correct answer: c

Rationale: Kinetic energy is directly proportional to the square of an object's velocity.

5. Which type of muscle is characterized by voluntary control and is responsible for body movement?

Correct answer: c

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscles are characterized by voluntary control, meaning they are under conscious control, allowing us to move our body parts as desired. These muscles are attached to bones and are responsible for movements such as walking, running, and lifting objects. Cardiac muscle (A) is found in the heart and is involuntary, while smooth muscle (B) is found in internal organs and is also involuntary. Connective tissue (D) provides support and structure to the body but is not responsible for body movements.

6. What is the term for the shedding of the outermost layer of the epidermis?

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct term for the shedding of the outermost layer of the epidermis is desquamation. Desquamation is a natural process where old skin cells are shed off to make way for new cells. Exfoliation refers to the removal of dead skin cells through external means like scrubs. Keratinization is the process by which skin cells produce the protein keratin, while epidermolysis is a condition where the epidermis separates from the dermis. Therefore, in this context, desquamation is the most appropriate term for the shedding of the outermost layer of the epidermis.

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