ATI TEAS 7
Biology
1. What is the difference between a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell?
- A. Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells do not
- B. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not.
- C. Prokaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells do not.
- D. Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Rationale: - Prokaryotic cells are simpler and do not have a true nucleus. Their genetic material is located in the nucleoid region, which is not enclosed by a membrane. - Eukaryotic cells are more complex and have a true nucleus that houses the genetic material, enclosed within a nuclear membrane. - Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have organelles, but eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus, while prokaryotic cells lack these membrane-bound organelles.
2. The final sentence suggests that the debate surrounding UBI necessitates
- A. Focusing on the potential cost savings for governments compared to existing welfare programs.
- B. Prioritizing the opinions of economists and financial experts over those of social scientists and philosophers.
- C. Engaging in thoughtful and informed discussions considering both the economic and ethical implications.
- D. Dismissing the concerns of critics and implementing UBI as a rapid solution to poverty and inequality.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The emphasis on "complex interplay" and "careful consideration" suggests a call for nuanced and multifaceted discussions, aligning with C.
3. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of an antibiotic refers to:
- A. The lowest concentration that kills bacteria
- B. The dose required for 50% bacterial inhibition
- C. The time it takes for an antibiotic to work
- D. The spectrum of bacteria the antibiotic targets
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Rationale: A) The lowest concentration that kills bacteria is known as the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), not the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). MIC is the lowest concentration of an antibiotic that inhibits visible growth of bacteria. B) The MIC of an antibiotic is the concentration at which bacterial growth is inhibited by 50%. This concentration is used to determine the effectiveness of an antibiotic against a specific bacterium. C) The time it takes for an antibiotic to work is not described by the MIC. MIC is a measure of concentration, not time. D) The spectrum of bacteria the antibiotic targets is not defined by the MIC. The MIC value is specific to a particular antibiotic and bacterium, regardless of the spectrum of activity of the antibiotic.
4. What is the pH of a solution with a hydrogen ion concentration of \(1 \times 10^{-9}\) M?
- A. 5
- B. 7
- C. 9
- D. 11
Correct answer: c
Rationale: The pH is calculated as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the hydrogen ion concentration. In this case, \(-\log(1 \times 10^{-9}) = 9\).
5. The primary function of the atrioventricular (AV) node within the heart is to:
- A. Generate the electrical impulse for contraction (pacemaker function)
- B. Transmit the electrical impulse from atria to ventricles, regulating the timing of contraction.
- C. Increase blood pressure within the ventricles during systole.
- D. Separate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood flow in the heart.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: "Transmit the electrical impulse from atria to ventricles, regulating the timing of contraction." The AV node acts as a gateway between the atria and ventricles, ensuring a coordinated and sequential contraction of the heart chambers. It delays the conduction of electrical impulses to allow the atria to fully contract before the ventricles contract, facilitating efficient blood pumping. Options A, C, and D are incorrect because the primary role of the AV node is not to generate electrical impulses, increase blood pressure, or separate blood flow based on oxygenation status. Understanding the AV node's function is crucial in comprehending the heart's electrical conduction system.
6. Identify the subject in the following sentence: "The red car parked in the driveway."
- A. driveway
- B. red
- C. car
- D. the
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The subject is the noun or pronoun performing the action or being described in the sentence.
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