Nursing Elites

1. What are isotopes?

• A. Atoms of the same element with different numbers of protons.
• B. Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
• C. Atoms of different elements with the same number of protons.
• D. Atoms of different elements with the same number of electrons.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. This means that isotopes have the same atomic number (Z) but different mass numbers (A). For example, carbon-12 (¹²C), carbon-13 (¹³C), and carbon-14 (¹⁴C) are all isotopes of carbon. They all have six protons in their nuclei, but they have different numbers of neutrons: carbon-12 has six neutrons, carbon-13 has seven neutrons, and carbon-14 has eight neutrons.

2. Identify the type of clause in the sentence: "While the rain poured, they huddled inside for warmth."

• A. Main clause
• B. Subordinate clause
• C. Appositive clause
• D. Noun clause

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The "while" clause provides additional information about the main action ("huddled inside").

3. Lysosomes are known as "suicide bags" of the cell. What enzymes do they contain?

• A. Hydrolytic enzymes
• B. Ligases (bonding enzymes)
• C. Transferases (molecule transfer)
• D. Oxidoreductases (redox reactions)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles containing hydrolytic enzymes responsible for breaking down various macromolecules, cellular waste, and foreign substances. These enzymes perform hydrolysis, a process where water molecules are used to break down larger molecules into smaller components. This function earned lysosomes the nickname 'suicide bags' as they can initiate cell death (apoptosis) by releasing their enzymes when needed. Ligases, transferases, and oxidoreductases are enzymes with different functions such as forming bonds, transferring molecules, and catalyzing redox reactions, respectively, which are not typically found in lysosomes. Therefore, the correct answer is A: 'Hydrolytic enzymes.'

4. Which word best describes the relationship between population growth and smart cities in the passage?

• A. Cause and effect
• B. Analogy
• C. Contrast
• D. Similarity

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The passage identifies rapid population growth as a challenge that smart cities are proposed to address, establishing a causal connection.

5. Which of the following statements is true regarding a supersaturated solution?

• A. It is unstable and tends to crystallize
• B. It contains less solute than it could dissolve
• C. It has a lower concentration than a saturated solution
• D. It is rarely encountered in everyday solutions

Correct answer: a

Rationale: Supersaturated solutions are unstable and tend to crystallize if disturbed. The other choices do not accurately describe supersaturated solutions.

6. Percent Increase/Decrease: A medication dosage is increased by 20%. If the original dosage was 100mg, what is the new dosage?

• A. 80mg
• B. 100mg
• C. 120mg
• D. 140mg

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Multiply the original dosage (100mg) by 1 + the percentage increase (20% = 0.2) to get 120mg.

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