Nursing Elites

1. Which structure in the heart is responsible for preventing the backflow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium?

• A. Aortic valve
• B. Pulmonary valve
• C. Tricuspid valve
• D. Mitral valve

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, the Mitral valve. The Mitral valve, also known as the bicuspid valve, is located between the left atrium and left ventricle in the heart. It consists of two cusps that close tightly when the left ventricle contracts, preventing the backflow of blood into the left atrium. The aortic valve (option A) is responsible for preventing the backflow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle, not the left atrium. The pulmonary valve (option B) prevents backflow from the pulmonary artery into the right ventricle, and the tricuspid valve (option C) prevents backflow from the right ventricle into the right atrium. Therefore, the Mitral valve is specifically responsible for preventing backflow from the left ventricle into the left atrium.

2. A bar graph shows the number of patients admitted to the ER each day for a week. How do you determine the day with the highest number of admissions?

• A. Find the tallest bar in the graph.
• B. Compare the heights of all bars.
• C. Calculate the average number of admissions per day.
• D. Subtract the lowest number of admissions from the highest.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The best approach is to find the tallest bar

3. What is the functional group present in esters?

• A. Hydroxyl
• B. Carbonyl
• C. Ester
• D. Amine

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Esters have the functional group -COO-, representing a carbonyl group bonded to an oxygen atom. The other choices are associated with different functional groups.

4. Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting the rate of a chemical reaction?

• A. Concentration of reactants
• B. Temperature
• C. Presence of a catalyst
• D. Color of the reaction mixture

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Color of the reaction mixture. While color change can sometimes be an indicator of a reaction, it doesn't directly influence the reaction rate.

5. A patient's oxygen flow rate is set at 4 liters per minute. How many cubic centimeters of oxygen are delivered per minute?

• A. 400 cubic centimeters
• B. 4,000 cubic centimeters
• C. 40,000 cubic centimeters
• D. 400,000 cubic centimeters

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Remember 1 liter is equal to 1000 cubic centimeters. Multiply the flow rate in liters per minute by the conversion factor: 4 liters/minute * 1000 cm³/liter = 4,000 cubic centimeters/minute.

6. Neurons, the functional units of the nervous system, belong to which tissue type?

• A. Epithelial tissue
• B. Connective tissue
• C. Muscle tissue
• D. Nervous tissue

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Nervous tissue. Neurons are specialized cells that transmit nerve impulses and are the primary components of the nervous system. Nervous tissue is made up of neurons and supporting cells called neuroglia. Neurons are responsible for processing and transmitting information throughout the body, making them a crucial part of the nervous system. Epithelial tissue (A) is primarily involved in covering and lining surfaces, connective tissue (B) supports and connects other tissues, and muscle tissue (C) is responsible for movement. Therefore, neurons belong to nervous tissue, which is specialized for communication and coordination within the body.

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