Nursing Elites

1. Identify the comprehensive protection for the brain.

• A. Skull
• B. Meninges (Membranes)
• C. Cerebrospinal fluid
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: A) The skull provides a hard, protective covering for the brain, shielding it from external trauma and injury. B) The meninges are three layers of membranes (dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater) that surround the brain and spinal cord, providing additional protection and cushioning. C) Cerebrospinal fluid is a clear, colorless fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord, acting as a shock absorber and providing nutrients to the central nervous system. Together, the skull, meninges, and cerebrospinal fluid work in conjunction to provide comprehensive protection for the brain, making option D the correct answer.

2. A baseball is thrown into the air. At the peak of its trajectory, which of the following forces is acting on the ball?

• A. Only gravitational force
• B. Only the force of air resistance
• C. Both gravitational force and the force of air resistance
• D. Neither gravitational force nor the force of air resistance

Correct answer: A

Rationale: At the peak, the ball momentarily stops moving upwards. Its inertia keeps it moving horizontally, but there is no force propelling it upwards except for gravity pulling it down.

3. Which term describes the resistance of a substance to flow?

• A. Density
• B. Viscosity
• C. Conductivity
• D. Malleability

Correct answer: b

Rationale: Viscosity refers to the resistance of a substance to flow. Substances with high viscosity flow slowly, while those with low viscosity flow more easily.

4. The lymphatic system is a network of vessels and organs that plays a vital role in:

• A. Transporting oxygen and nutrients to cells
• B. Carrying waste products away from tissues
• C. Regulating body temperature
• D. Producing red blood cells

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Carrying waste products away from tissues. The lymphatic system is responsible for collecting excess fluid and waste products from tissues and returning them to the bloodstream for removal. This helps maintain fluid balance in the body and supports immune function by transporting white blood cells to fight infections. Options A, C, and D do not accurately describe the function of the lymphatic system. Transporting oxygen and nutrients to cells is primarily the role of the circulatory system, while regulating body temperature is controlled by the nervous system and producing red blood cells occurs in the bone marrow.

5. What is the term for a substance that can act as both a proton donor and a proton acceptor?

• A. Acid
• B. Base
• C. Amphiprotic
• D. Neutral

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Amphiprotic substances can act as both a proton donor and a proton acceptor. The other choices are specific to either acids or bases.

6. Which type of cell has a nucleus but lacks membrane-bound organelles?

• A. Plant cell
• B. Prokaryotic cell
• C. Animal cell
• D. Fungal cell

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Prokaryotic cell. Prokaryotic cells are characterized by having a nucleus, known as the nucleoid, which contains genetic material but lacks a membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus. Plant and animal cells (options A and C) are eukaryotic cells that have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Fungal cells (option D) are also eukaryotic cells with a nucleus and organelles. Understanding the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is essential in biology to grasp the diversity of cell structure and function.

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