Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following functional groups has the highest priority according to the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog (CIP) ranking system?

• A. Alcohol (OH)
• B. Aldehyde (CHO)
• C. Carboxylic Acid (COOH)
• D. Amine (NH2)

Correct answer: C

Rationale: According to the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog (CIP) ranking system, the priority of functional groups is determined based on the atomic number of the atoms directly bonded to the functional group. In this case, carboxylic acid (COOH) has the highest priority because the carbon atom is directly bonded to two oxygen atoms, which have higher atomic numbers than carbon. The alcohol (OH) group has a lower priority as the oxygen atom is only bonded to hydrogen, while the aldehyde (CHO) and amine (NH2) groups have lower priorities compared to carboxylic acid. Therefore, option C, carboxylic acid, is the correct answer as it has the highest priority in the CIP ranking system.

2. If 3 nurses can care for 15 patients, how many nurses are needed for 25 patients?

• A. 4
• B. 5
• C. 6
• D. 7

Correct answer: B

Rationale: 3 nurses / 15 patients = x nurses / 25 patients. Solve for x.

3. The formula for calculating ideal body weight (IBW) for men is IBW (kg) = 50 + 2.3 * (height in cm - 150). If a man is 180cm tall, what is his ideal body weight?

• A. 68kg
• B. 71kg
• C. 74kg
• D. 77kg

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Substitute the man's height (180cm) into the formula: IBW = 50 + 2.3 * (180 - 150) = 74kg.

4. Melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color, is produced by

• A. Keratinocytes (These cells produce keratin)
• B. Melanocytes
• C. Sebocytes (These cells produce sebum)
• D. Langerhans cells (These cells are part of the immune system)

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Melanocytes. Melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color, is produced by melanocytes, which are specialized cells located in the skin's epidermis. Melanocytes transfer melanin to keratinocytes, the predominant cell type in the epidermis, where it provides protection against UV radiation. Sebocytes produce sebum, an oily substance that helps moisturize the skin and hair. Langerhans cells are a type of immune cell that play a role in the skin's immune response. Therefore, the correct answer is B as melanocytes are specifically responsible for producing melanin.

5. The process by which one element changes into another through radioactive decay is known as:

• A. Transmutation
• B. Fission
• C. Fusion
• D. Oxidation

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Transmutation - Radioactive decay alters the atomic structure, changing the element's identity (transmutation).

6. Which element has the highest melting point of any element?

• A. Tungsten
• B. Iron
• C. Platinum
• D. Carbon

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Diamond's strong covalent bonds between carbon atoms make it incredibly resistant to heat and pressure, giving it the highest melting point.

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