Nursing Elites

1. Ms. Valencia is responsible to the number of personnel reporting to her. This principle refers

• A. Span of control
• B. Unity of command
• C. Carrot and stick principle
• D. Esprit d’ corp

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Unity of command. Unity of command is a fundamental principle of management stating that each employee should receive orders from only one supervisor to avoid confusion and ensure clarity in the chain of command. In this scenario, Ms. Valencia's responsibility for the number of personnel reporting to her aligns with the concept of unity of command. Span of control refers to the number of subordinates a supervisor can efficiently manage, while the carrot and stick principle involves motivating employees through rewards and punishments. Esprit d’ corp refers to the sense of unity and camaraderie within a group.

2. Sunscreen protects the skin from harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays by

• A. Reflecting UV rays away from the skin
• B. Absorbing UV rays and converting them to heat
• C. Blocking UV rays completely
• D. Stimulating melanin production

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Absorbing UV rays and converting them to heat. Sunscreen contains ingredients that act as filters to absorb UV radiation before it reaches the skin. These filters then convert the UV rays into a less harmful form of energy, usually heat, which is then released from the body. This process helps prevent UV radiation from damaging the skin cells and causing sunburn or long-term skin damage. Reflecting UV rays away from the skin (A) and blocking UV rays completely (C) are not accurate functions of sunscreen. Additionally, stimulating melanin production (D) is not a direct way in which sunscreen protects the skin from UV rays.

3. What type of joint allows for the most movement?

• A. Ball-and-socket joint (shoulder)
• B. Hinge joint (elbow)
• C. Fibrocartilaginous joint (wrists)
• D. Suture joint (skull)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: A ball-and-socket joint allows for the most movement among the options provided. This type of joint is characterized by a rounded end of one bone fitting into a cup-like socket of another bone, allowing for a wide range of motion in multiple directions. The shoulder joint is a prime example of a ball-and-socket joint, enabling movements such as flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation. In contrast, a hinge joint (option B) like the elbow primarily allows for movement in one plane (flexion and extension). Fibrocartilaginous joints (option C) like the wrists have limited movement due to the presence of cartilage between the bones. Suture joints (option D) in the skull are immovable joints that provide structural support but do not allow for significant movement.

4. What type of particle carries no charge and mediates the strong nuclear force between protons and neutrons?

• A. Electron
• B. Photon
• C. Gluon
• D. Neutrino

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Gluons are the force carriers of the strong nuclear force, holding protons and neutrons together within the nucleus.

5. What property of a substance remains constant regardless of its location in the universe?

• A. Mass
• B. Weight
• C. Density
• D. Volume

Correct answer: a

Rationale: Mass is an intrinsic property of matter that remains constant regardless of its location in the universe.

6. Which sentence uses the comparative degree of an adjective correctly?

• A. This movie is good, but the other one is better.
• B. She is the tallest player on the team.
• C. He worked hardest than everyone else.
• D. My coffee is hotter than yours.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Option A uses "better" to compare the quality of two movies.

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