Nursing Elites

1. What type of energy does a stretched rubber band possess?

• A. Kinetic energy
• B. Potential energy
• C. Thermal energy
• D. Mechanical energy

Correct answer:

Rationale: When a rubber band is stretched, it stores potential energy due to its position or state.

2. What is the law that states energy can neither be created nor destroyed?

• A. Law of Conservation of Matter
• B. Law of Conservation of Energy
• C. Law of Universal Gravitation
• D. Law of Inertia

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Law of Conservation of Energy. This law applies to both chemical and physical processes, including chemical reactions.

3. What is the myelin sheath and what does it do?

• A. A group of nerve cells that perform a specific function.
• B. A fatty substance that insulates some nerve fibers.
• C. A fluid-filled cavity within the brain.
• D. The junction between two neurons.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. The myelin sheath is a fatty substance that insulates some nerve fibers. It is essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system as it acts as an insulator, allowing for faster transmission of nerve impulses along the axon. Without the myelin sheath, nerve signals could be disrupted or weakened, leading to issues with movement, sensation, and other neurological functions. Options A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately describe the myelin sheath or its function.

4. A new material is claimed to be stronger than steel. You design an experiment to test this claim. What is the MOST important control variable?

• A. The size of the material samples.
• B. The temperature at which the test is conducted.
• C. The force applied to the material.
• D. The color of the material.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The size of the material samples is the most important control variable because it ensures that the comparison between the new material and steel is fair and accurate. By keeping the size consistent, any differences in strength can be attributed to the material composition rather than variations in sample size. Controlling for size helps eliminate confounding variables and increases the reliability of the experiment results. Temperature, force applied, and color are not as critical for directly testing the strength comparison between the new material and steel.

5. What is the role of surfactant in the respiratory system?

• A. To trap dust particles
• B. To increase lung compliance
• C. To produce mucus
• D. To generate oxygen during respiration

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'To increase lung compliance.' Surfactant is a substance produced by the alveolar cells in the lungs that reduces surface tension within the alveoli. This helps to prevent the alveoli from collapsing, making it easier for the lungs to expand and contract during breathing. This action increases lung compliance, which is the ease with which the lungs can be inflated. Trapping dust particles (A) is the role of mucus and cilia in the respiratory system. Surfactant does not produce mucus (C) but rather acts to reduce surface tension. Generating oxygen (D) is the function of the respiratory system as a whole through the process of respiration, and surfactant does not play a direct role in this process.

6. How does RNA polymerase differ from DNA polymerase?

• A. Both enzymes are identical in function and structure.
• B. RNA polymerase does not require a primer to initiate RNA synthesis.
• C. RNA polymerase can synthesize both RNA and DNA.
• D. RNA polymerase can only synthesize RNA, unlike DNA polymerase.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: A) This statement is incorrect. RNA polymerase and DNA polymerase are not identical in function and structure. They have different roles in the cell. B) This statement is correct. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase does not require a primer to initiate RNA synthesis. RNA polymerase can start the synthesis of RNA de novo. C) This statement is incorrect. RNA polymerase is specialized for synthesizing RNA, not DNA. DNA polymerase is responsible for synthesizing DNA. D) This statement is correct. RNA polymerase can only synthesize RNA, while DNA polymerase is responsible for synthesizing DNA.

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