Nursing Elites

1. What type of energy does a stretched rubber band possess?

• A. Kinetic energy
• B. Potential energy
• C. Thermal energy
• D. Mechanical energy

Correct answer:

Rationale: When a rubber band is stretched, it stores potential energy due to its position or state.

2. One leadership theory states that “leaders are born and not made,” which refers to which of the

• A. Trait
• B. Charismatic
• C. Great Man
• D. Situational

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Trait. The statement 'leaders are born and not made' aligns with the Trait theory of leadership, which suggests that certain individuals are born with innate qualities and characteristics that make them effective leaders. This theory focuses on identifying specific traits, such as intelligence, charisma, and self-confidence, that are believed to be inherent in successful leaders. Charismatic leadership (option B) emphasizes the charm and appeal of a leader, Great Man theory (option C) suggests that leaders are born with unique qualities that set them apart, and Situational leadership (option D) focuses on adapting leadership style based on the situation. However, the statement in the question best corresponds to the Trait theory, making option A the correct choice.

3. Fluorescent microscopy utilizes which property of certain molecules to create a visible image?

• A. Staining properties
• B. Light absorption
• C. Fluorescence emission
• D. Refraction

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: Fluorescent microscopy relies on the property of certain molecules to fluoresce when exposed to specific wavelengths of light. When these molecules absorb light energy, they become excited and then emit light at a longer wavelength, producing a visible image. This emitted light is what is used to create the image in fluorescent microscopy, making option C, fluorescence emission, the correct answer. Staining properties (option A) are used to enhance contrast in microscopy but are not the primary mechanism in fluorescent microscopy. Light absorption (option B) is involved in the excitation of fluorescent molecules but is not the property used to create the visible image. Refraction (option D) is the bending of light as it passes through different mediums and is not the property utilized in fluorescent microscopy.

4. Homologous structures are similar structures in different organisms that have a common evolutionary origin. An example is:

• A. Butterfly wings and bird wings (analogous structures with different origins)
• B. The arm of a human, the wing of a bat, and the flipper of a whale
• C. The eyes of an octopus and a human (convergent evolution with different origins)
• D. The stinger of a bee and the barb of a cactus (unrelated structures)

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: Homologous structures are similar structures found in different organisms that share a common evolutionary origin. In this case, the arm of a human, the wing of a bat, and the flipper of a whale are all examples of homologous structures. Despite serving different functions in these organisms, they share a common underlying structure due to their evolutionary relationship. These structures are evidence of a shared ancestry and are modified over time to suit the specific needs of each species. Option A (Butterfly wings and bird wings) refers to analogous structures, which have similar functions but different evolutionary origins. Option C (The eyes of an octopus and a human) describes convergent evolution, where similar traits evolve independently in different species due to similar environmental pressures. Option D (The stinger of a bee and the barb of a cactus) refers to unrelated

5. What type of inheritance pattern results in a 3:1 ratio of dominant to recessive phenotypes in the F2 generation?

• A. Incomplete dominance
• B. Codominance
• C. Sex-linked inheritance
• D. Autosomal dominant inheritance

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: A) Incomplete dominance: In incomplete dominance, the heterozygous phenotype is a blend of the two homozygous phenotypes. This does not result in a 3:1 ratio of dominant to recessive phenotypes in the F2 generation. B) Codominance: In codominance, both alleles are fully expressed in the heterozygous phenotype. This also does not result in a 3:1 ratio of dominant to recessive phenotypes in the F2 generation. C) Sex-linked inheritance: Sex-linked inheritance involves genes located on the sex chromosomes and does not typically result in a 3:1 ratio of dominant to recessive phenotypes in the F2 generation. D) Autosomal dominant inheritance: In autosomal dominant inheritance, a single copy of the dominant allele is sufficient to express the dominant phenotype. When a heterozygous individual (Aa) is crossed with another

6. What is the main verb tense in the following sentence? "She had already left before I arrived."

• A. Present tense
• B. Past tense
• C. Future tense
• D. t perfect tense

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The verb "had left" is in the past perfect tense, indicating an action completed before another past action ("arrived").

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