1. The statement, Ã¢â‚¬Å“The Good Shepherd Medical Center aims to provide patient-centered care in

A. Vision
B. Goal
C. Philosophy
D. Mission

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: "Vision." A vision statement describes the desired future state or long-term goal of an organization. It outlines the aspirations and purpose of the organization, such as providing patient-centered care in this case. Vision statements are forward-looking and inspirational, guiding the organization towards achieving its ultimate objectives. In contrast, a goal is a specific, measurable, and achievable target within a set timeframe. A philosophy is a set of beliefs or guiding principles, while a mission statement defines the organization's core purpose and focus. Therefore, the statement about providing patient-centered care aligns with the concept of a vision statement.

2. Calcitonin, a hormone that helps regulate calcium levels, is produced by the:

A. Thyroid gland
B. Parathyroid gland
C. Thymus gland
D. Adrenal gland

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: "Thyroid gland." Calcitonin is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland that helps regulate calcium levels in the body. It works in opposition to parathyroid hormone, which is produced by the parathyroid gland. The thymus gland is responsible for immune function, while the adrenal gland produces hormones like cortisol and adrenaline. Therefore, the thyroid gland is the specific gland responsible for producing calcitonin to regulate calcium levels in the body.

3. What is the term for a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring?

A. Genus
B. Phylum
C. Kingdom
D. Species

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: A species is defined as a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring. This ability to interbreed and produce fertile offspring is a key characteristic that distinguishes one species from another. In contrast, a genus (option A) is a taxonomic rank that includes one or more species that are closely related, while a phylum (option B) and a kingdom (option C) are higher taxonomic ranks that encompass multiple species.

4. Which property of a wave determines its energy?

A. Wavelength
B. Amplitude
C. Frequency
D. Velocity

Correct answer: b

Rationale: Amplitude is directly related to the energy carried by a wave - higher amplitudes correspond to higher energy waves.

5. Which statement correctly describes the concept of ionization energy?

A. The energy required to remove an electron from an outermost shell.
B. The energy released when an electron bonds with an atom.
C. The total energy possessed by all electrons in an atom.
D. The energy needed to change an atom's nucleus.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The energy required to remove an electron from an outermost shell. Ionization energy varies depending on the element and electron configuration, indicating its difficulty to lose electrons and influencing its reactivity.

6. The term "double circulation" in the cardiovascular system refers to

A. The separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood flow within the heart.
B. The regulation of blood pressure through vasoconstriction and vasodilation
C. The cyclic contraction and relaxation of the heart muscle.
D. The existence of two separate circulatory pathways, one for the lungs and one for the body.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The term 'double circulation' in the cardiovascular system refers to the existence of two separate circulatory pathways, one for the lungs (pulmonary circulation) and one for the body (systemic circulation). In pulmonary circulation, deoxygenated blood is pumped from the heart to the lungs to pick up oxygen and release carbon dioxide. Then, oxygenated blood returns to the heart to be pumped out to the rest of the body in systemic circulation. This separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood flow in different pathways is what distinguishes the double circulation system. Therefore, option D is the correct answer as it accurately describes the concept of double circulation in the cardiovascular system.