1. The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine. What enzyme breaks down proteins into amino acids?

A. Pepsin
B. Lipase
C. Amylase
D. Trypsin

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Trypsin. Trypsin is an enzyme produced by the pancreas and secreted into the small intestine where it plays a key role in breaking down proteins into smaller peptides and amino acids. Pepsin is produced in the stomach and specifically acts on protein, not in the small intestine. Lipase is an enzyme that breaks down fats, not proteins. Amylase is an enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates, not proteins. Therefore, Trypsin is the enzyme responsible for breaking down proteins into amino acids in the small intestine.

2. What is the process of making copies of DNA called?

A. Transcription
B. Translation
C. Replication
D. DNA repair

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: A) Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template. It involves the creation of mRNA molecules from a DNA template. B) Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from mRNA. During translation, the genetic code carried by mRNA is decoded to produce a specific sequence of amino acids, forming a protein. C) Replication is the process of making copies of DNA. This process occurs before cell division and ensures that each daughter cell receives an identical copy of the genetic material. D) DNA repair is a cellular mechanism that corrects errors in DNA that arise due to various factors such as exposure to mutagens or mistakes during DNA replication. It is essential for maintaining the integrity of the genetic material.

3. What is the main function of transition words and phrases in writing?

A. To add unnecessary embellishments and fluff.
B. To emphasize specific words or phrases in the text.
C. To connect ideas smoothly and guide the reader's flow.
D. To introduce opposing viewpoints and counterarguments.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Transition words and phrases bridge ideas, create logical flow, and enhance the coherence of your writing.

4. Which type of brain wave activity is often seen during REM sleep, associated with dreaming?

A. Delta waves
B. Alpha waves
C. Beta waves
D. Theta waves

Correct answer: D

Rationale: During REM (rapid eye movement) sleep, the brain is highly active, and theta waves are the dominant brain wave pattern. Theta waves are associated with deep relaxation, creativity, and dreaming. Delta waves are typically seen in deep sleep stages, not during REM sleep. Alpha waves are present when we are awake but relaxed, while beta waves are associated with active thinking and concentration. Therefore, theta waves are the correct answer for brain wave activity during REM sleep.

5. Which property of a substance measures the amount of matter per unit volume?

A. Density
B. Mass
C. Weight
D. Volume

Correct answer: a

Rationale: Density is the property that measures the amount of matter (mass) per unit volume of a substance. It is calculated as mass divided by volume.

6. What is the main concern the author raises about AI?

A. Its limitations in achieving true intelligence and emulating human consciousness.
B. Its potential for misuse in warfare and autonomous weapons systems.
C. Its detrimental impact on the environment and resource consumption.
D. Its ethical implications related to bias, privacy, and job displacement.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The passage explicitly mentions concerns about bias, privacy, and job displacement, making D the main concern highlighted.