Nursing Elites

1. The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine. What enzyme breaks down proteins into amino acids?

• A. Pepsin
• B. Lipase
• C. Amylase
• D. Trypsin

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Trypsin. Trypsin is an enzyme produced by the pancreas and secreted into the small intestine where it plays a key role in breaking down proteins into smaller peptides and amino acids. Pepsin is produced in the stomach and specifically acts on protein, not in the small intestine. Lipase is an enzyme that breaks down fats, not proteins. Amylase is an enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates, not proteins. Therefore, Trypsin is the enzyme responsible for breaking down proteins into amino acids in the small intestine.

2. Which blood vessels carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body?

• A. Pulmonary arteries
• B. Pulmonary veins
• C. Systemic arteries
• D. Systemic veins

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Systemic arteries. Systemic arteries carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body, delivering vital nutrients and oxygen to tissues and organs. Pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation. Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart. Systemic veins return deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart. It's important to differentiate between pulmonary and systemic vessels in understanding the circulation of blood throughout the body.

3. A pizza has a diameter of 40cm. What is its perimeter (circumference)?

• A. 62.8cm
• B. 125.5cm
• C. 125.6cm
• D. 251.2cm

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Multiply the diameter by π: perimeter = π * diameter = π * 40cm ≈ 125.6cm (Note: π ≈ 3.14)

4. The term "unconditional" in the context of UBI signifies that

• A. The amount received would be based on individual income and living expenses.
• B. Recipients would be required to meet certain criteria to qualify for the program.
• C. The money would be provided without any restrictions on how it is spent.
• D. The program would be temporary and subject to periodic review and renewal.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The unconditional aspect of UBI refers to the lack of strings attached to its receipt, aligning with C.

5. The adaptive immune system has two main branches: humoral and cell-mediated immunity. Which type of immune cell is primarily responsible for antibody production?

• A. Helper T cells
• B. Cytotoxic T cells
• C. B cells
• D. Natural killer cells

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: B cells. B cells are a type of lymphocyte that plays a central role in humoral immunity by producing antibodies. When activated by antigens, B cells differentiate into plasma cells, which are responsible for producing and secreting antibodies. Helper T cells (option A) primarily assist in activating B cells and other immune cells. Cytotoxic T cells (option B) are involved in cell-mediated immunity, where they directly kill infected cells. Natural killer cells (option D) are part of the innate immune system and target virus-infected and cancerous cells. Therefore, B cells are the immune cells primarily responsible for antibody production in the adaptive immune system.

6. Which sentence uses the modal verb "should" correctly?

• A. You should have studied harder for the exam.
• B. I should be going now.
• C. She said she should have taken a different route.
• D. They should be arriving any minute now.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Option B conveys an intention or expectation regarding the present or near future.

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