Nursing Elites

1. Cartilage, found in joints and the ear, is a type of:

• A. Epithelial tissue
• B. Connective tissue
• C. Muscle tissue
• D. Nervous tissue

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Connective tissue. Cartilage is a tough, flexible type of connective tissue that provides support and cushioning in joints and the ear. It is made up of specialized cells called chondrocytes embedded in a gel-like matrix of collagen and proteoglycans. Epithelial tissue (A) covers and lines body surfaces, muscle tissue (C) is responsible for movement, and nervous tissue (D) transmits signals in the body. In contrast, cartilage primarily serves a structural and protective function, placing it within the category of connective tissue.

2. Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the "rest and digest" response, promoting relaxation and conservation of energy?

• A. Sympathetic nervous system
• B. Parasympathetic nervous system
• C. Somatic nervous system
• D. Central nervous system

Correct answer: b

Rationale: The correct answer is B, the parasympathetic nervous system. This division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the "rest and digest" response, promoting relaxation and conservation of energy. When activated, it slows the heart rate, increases digestion, and helps the body rest and recover. The sympathetic nervous system, on the other hand, is responsible for the "fight or flight" response, preparing the body for action. The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements, and the central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord, coordinating all nervous system functions.

3. A medication must be taken twice daily, 12 hours apart. If the first dose is at 8:00 AM, what is the most convenient time for the second dose to avoid disrupting sleep?

• A. 4:00 PM
• B. 6:00 PM
• C. 8:00 PM
• D. 10:00 PM

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: To take the medication 12 hours apart from the first dose at 8:00 AM, the second dose should be taken at 8:00 PM. However, to avoid disrupting sleep, it is recommended to take the second dose a bit earlier. Taking the second dose at 6:00 PM ensures that the medication is still being taken 12 hours apart while allowing for a buffer before bedtime to avoid any potential disruptions to sleep.

4. Which type of muscle is found in the walls of hollow organs, such as the stomach and intestines, and is responsible for involuntary contractions to propel substances through the organs?

• A. Cardiac muscle
• B. Smooth muscle
• C. Skeletal muscle
• D. Striated muscle

Correct answer: b

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Smooth muscle. Smooth muscle is found in the walls of hollow organs like the stomach and intestines. It is responsible for involuntary contractions to move substances through these organs. Unlike skeletal muscle (answer C) and cardiac muscle (answer A), smooth muscle is not under voluntary control. Striated muscle (answer D) is a term that refers to both skeletal and cardiac muscle due to their striped appearance under a microscope, but smooth muscle does not have this striped appearance.

5. What property of a wave is measured in Hertz (Hz)?

• A. Amplitude
• B. Wavelength
• C. Speed
• D. Frequency

Correct answer: d

Rationale: Frequency, the number of oscillations per second, is measured in Hertz (Hz).

6. Which gland in the endocrine system is responsible for the production of red blood cells?

• A. Pituitary gland
• B. Thyroid gland
• C. Thymus gland
• D. Parathyroid gland

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is the Thymus gland (option C). The Thymus gland is responsible for the production and maturation of T-lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell involved in immune responses. Red blood cells are not produced by any endocrine gland; instead, they are produced in the bone marrow. The Pituitary gland (option A) secretes hormones that control various body functions, the Thyroid gland (option B) regulates metabolism, and the Parathyroid gland (option D) regulates calcium levels in the blood. Therefore, the Thymus gland is not responsible for the production of red blood cells, making it the correct answer in this case.

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