Nursing Elites

1. Cartilage, found in joints and the ear, is a type of:

• A. Epithelial tissue
• B. Connective tissue
• C. Muscle tissue
• D. Nervous tissue

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Connective tissue. Cartilage is a tough, flexible type of connective tissue that provides support and cushioning in joints and the ear. It is made up of specialized cells called chondrocytes embedded in a gel-like matrix of collagen and proteoglycans. Epithelial tissue (A) covers and lines body surfaces, muscle tissue (C) is responsible for movement, and nervous tissue (D) transmits signals in the body. In contrast, cartilage primarily serves a structural and protective function, placing it within the category of connective tissue.

2. Which structure, located between the pons and the spinal cord, plays a crucial role in coordinating movements, maintaining balance, and posture?

• A. Thalamus
• B. Medulla oblongata
• C. Cerebellum
• D. Hypothalamus

Correct answer: c

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Cerebellum. The cerebellum is the structure located between the pons and the spinal cord that plays a crucial role in coordinating movements, maintaining balance, and posture. It receives information from sensory systems and integrates this input to fine-tune motor activity. The thalamus (A) is a relay station for sensory information, the medulla oblongata (B) is involved in vital functions like heartbeat and breathing, and the hypothalamus (D) regulates various metabolic processes and homeostasis. Therefore, the cerebellum is the most appropriate choice for a structure responsible for movement coordination and balance.

3. According to the passage, learning from history can help us

• A. predict future events with complete certainty.
• B. avoid any possibility of making mistakes in the present.
• C. identify potential challenges and develop innovative solutions.
• D. directly replicate the successes of past societies in our own time.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The passage emphasizes learning from both successes and failures, identifying potential obstacles, and using historical knowledge to create solutions for current problems.

4. What is the stoichiometric coefficient of nitrogen (N2) in the balanced equation for the Haber process: N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3?

• A. 1
• B. 2
• C. 3
• D. 4

Correct answer: a

Rationale: The coefficient of N2 is 1 in the balanced equation

5. What is the term for the small air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide) takes place?

• A. Bronchi
• B. Alveoli
• C. Trachea
• D. Bronchioles

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Alveoli. Alveoli are the small air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs. Oxygen from the air we breathe diffuses into the blood in the capillaries surrounding the alveoli, while carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the alveoli to be exhaled. Bronchi (A) are the large airways that branch off the trachea (C) and lead into the lungs. Bronchioles (D) are smaller airways that branch off the bronchi. Understanding the structure and function of the respiratory system is important for comprehending how oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is removed from the body.

6. What property of a substance refers to its ability to undergo a chemical change and form new substances?

• A. Density
• B. Mass
• C. Reactivity
• D. Volume

Correct answer: c

Rationale: Reactivity refers to a substance's ability to undergo a chemical change or reaction, forming new substances with different properties.

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