1. What is the breakdown product of creatine phosphate, an energy source used for short bursts of muscle activity?

A. Glucose
B. Lactic acid
C. Carbon dioxide
D. Creatine

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The breakdown product of creatine phosphate is creatine. Creatine phosphate is stored in muscle cells and rapidly converts to creatine to provide energy for short bursts of muscle activity, such as weightlifting or sprinting. It is not converted into glucose, lactic acid, or carbon dioxide. Creatine is then further broken down into creatinine, which is excreted in urine. Therefore, the correct answer is D: Creatine.

2. What kind of bond links amino acids together?

A. Hydrogen bond
B. Ionic bond
C. Disulfide bond
D. Covalent bond

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: Amino acids are linked together by covalent bonds to form proteins. A covalent bond is a strong chemical bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms. In the case of amino acids, the covalent bond that links them together is called a peptide bond. This bond forms between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another amino acid, resulting in the formation of a peptide chain. Hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, and disulfide bonds can also play roles in protein structure and stability, but the primary bond linking amino acids together in a protein chain is the covalent peptide bond.

3. What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

A. Breaking down and recycling cellular waste
B. Packaging and transporting proteins and lipids
C. Generating energy through cellular respiration
D. Translating DNA into proteins

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Packaging and transporting proteins and lipids. The Golgi apparatus plays a crucial role in processing, packaging, and distributing proteins and lipids synthesized by the cell. It modifies these molecules and directs them to their appropriate destinations within the cell or for secretion outside the cell. This function is essential for maintaining the proper functioning of the cell and coordinating various cellular processes. Options A, C, and D are incorrect as they describe functions carried out by other cellular organelles, highlighting the specificity and importance of the Golgi apparatus in protein and lipid trafficking.

4. In the reaction 2H2 + O2 â†’ 2H2O, how many moles of oxygen are required to react completely with 4 moles of hydrogen?

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

Correct answer: 2

Rationale: The balanced equation indicates a 1:1 ratio between H2 and O2, so 4 moles of H2 require 4 moles of O2, and 2 moles of H2 require 2 moles of O2.

5. Which of the following is an example of an unsaturated fatty acid?

A. Stearic acid
B. Palmitic acid
C. Oleic acid
D. Butyric acid

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Oleic acid is an unsaturated fatty acid, containing at least one double bond in its hydrocarbon chain. The other choices are saturated fatty acids.

6. Fertilization, the fusion of sperm and egg, typically occurs in which part of the female reproductive system?

A. Ovary
B. Fallopian tube
C. Uterus
D. Vagina

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Fallopian tube. Fertilization usually occurs in the fallopian tube. After ovulation, the egg is released from the ovary into the fallopian tube where it can be fertilized by sperm. The fallopian tube provides the ideal environment for fertilization to take place before the fertilized egg travels to the uterus for implantation. The other options, such as the ovary, uterus, and vagina, do not typically serve as the site of fertilization. Therefore, the fallopian tube is the correct answer in this case.