Nursing Elites

1. A patient weighs 180 pounds. What is their weight in kilograms (1kg = 2.2lbs)?

• A. 68kg
• B. 75kg
• C. 82kg
• D. 90kg

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Divide the weight in pounds (180) by the conversion factor (2.2lbs/kg).

2. An object is thrown at an angle. Which of the following forces acts HORIZONTALLY on the object during its flight?

• A. Gravitational force
• B. Normal force from the ground
• C. Air resistance
• D. The force of throwing

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Gravitational force acts downwards, normal force is perpendicular to motion at the launch point, and the throwing force is gone after release. Only air resistance acts continuously to oppose horizontal motion.

3. The stratified squamous epithelium found in the skin is adapted for:

• A. Absorption
• B. Secretion
• C. Protection
• D. Gas exchange

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Protection. Stratified squamous epithelium is a type of tissue that is well-suited for protection as it consists of multiple layers of cells that provide a barrier against physical and chemical damage. In the skin, this epithelium helps protect the body against external threats such as pathogens, UV radiation, and mechanical abrasion. Absorption (A) and secretion (B) are typically functions of other types of epithelial tissues, such as simple columnar or simple cuboidal epithelium. Gas exchange (D) is primarily facilitated by tissues like the alveolar epithelium in the lungs, not stratified squamous epithelium in the skin.

4. When referring to blood vessel walls, the term "atherosclerosis" describes:

• A. The normal process of blood vessel wall thickening with age.
• B. The inflammation of the inner lining of blood vessels.
• C. The dilation and weakening of a blood vessel wall (aneurysm).
• D. The abnormal buildup of plaque within the arterial walls.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Atherosclerosis is a condition characterized by the abnormal buildup of plaque within the arterial walls. This plaque is made up of substances like cholesterol, calcium, and fatty compounds. Over time, this plaque can harden and narrow the arteries, leading to reduced blood flow and potential complications like heart attacks and strokes. Options A, B, and C do not accurately describe atherosclerosis. Option A is incorrect because atherosclerosis is not a normal aging process but rather a disease. Option B is incorrect because atherosclerosis involves the buildup of plaque rather than inflammation of the inner lining of blood vessels. Option C is incorrect because an aneurysm is a different condition involving the dilation and weakening of a blood vessel wall, not the buildup of plaque seen in atherosclerosis.

5. What is the main difference between a nuclear reactor and a nuclear bomb?

• A. Reactors use enriched uranium, while bombs use natural uranium.
• B. Reactors have controlled chain reactions, while bombs have uncontrolled chain reactions.
• C. Reactors generate electricity, while bombs cause explosions.
• D. Reactors use moderators, while bombs don't.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The key difference lies in the control of the fission chain reaction. Reactors have controlled reactions for energy generation, while bombs have rapid, uncontrolled reactions creating explosions.

6. Nuclear forces are much stronger than electromagnetic forces at the nuclear level. What property best describes this characteristic?

• A. Short-range interaction
• B. Long-range interaction
• C. Repulsive force
• D. Dependent on charge only

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Nuclear forces operate within a very small range compared to electromagnetic forces, impacting only nucleons directly touching each other.

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