Nursing Elites

1. Which factor affects the kinetic energy of an object the most?

• A. The object's mass
• B. The object's velocity
• C. The object's displacement
• D. The object's potential energy

Correct answer:

Rationale: Kinetic energy is directly proportional to the square of an object's velocity.

2. What is the term for the pressure exerted by blood against the walls of blood vessels?

• A. Heart rate
• B. Blood pressure
• C. Cardiac output
• D. Stroke volume

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Blood pressure. Blood pressure is the term used to describe the force or pressure exerted by blood against the walls of blood vessels. It is typically measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and consists of two main components - systolic pressure (the pressure when the heart is contracting) and diastolic pressure (the pressure when the heart is relaxed). Heart rate (A) refers to the number of times the heart beats per minute and is not specifically related to the pressure against blood vessel walls. Cardiac output (C) is the volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute, while stroke volume (D) is the volume of blood pumped by the heart in a single contraction. These are related to heart function but not specifically to the pressure against blood vessel walls.

3. Decomposers in an ecosystem play a vital role by:

• A. Photosynthesizing and producing organic matter
• B. Breaking down dead organisms and returning nutrients to the environment
• C. Preying on herbivores and controlling their populations
• D. Fixing nitrogen from the atmosphere and making it available to plants

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: Decomposers are organisms that break down dead organic matter, such as dead plants and animals, into simpler substances. By doing so, they help to recycle nutrients back into the environment, making them available for other organisms to use. This process is essential for the functioning of ecosystems, as it ensures that nutrients are not lost but instead are continuously cycled through the ecosystem. Photosynthesis (option A) is the process by which plants and some other organisms convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose, and it is not a role of decomposers. Preying on herbivores (option C) is a role typically carried out by predators, not decomposers. Fixing nitrogen from the atmosphere (option D) is a process carried out by nitrogen-fixing bacteria, not decomposers.

4. What is the unit of force in the SI system?

• A. Newton (N)
• B. Kilogram (kg)
• C. Meter (m)
• D. Second (s)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Force is measured in Newtons, named after Isaac Newton who formulated the laws of motion.

5. Which hormone, produced by the pituitary gland, stimulates the growth and development of bones, muscles, and organs?

• A. Growth hormone (GH)
• B. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
• C. Prolactin
• D. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Growth hormone (GH). Growth hormone is produced by the pituitary gland and plays a crucial role in stimulating the growth and development of bones, muscles, and organs in the body. It promotes cell division, protein synthesis, and overall growth. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones, prolactin is involved in milk production after childbirth, and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is responsible for the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles in females and sperm production in males, but they do not directly impact the growth and development of bones, muscles, and organs. Therefore, growth hormone is the hormone specifically known for its role in promoting growth and development in these areas.

6. A closed system in ecology is one that:

• A. Exchanges energy but not matter
• B. Exchanges both energy and matter
• C. Exchanges neither energy nor matter
• D. Recycles nutrients efficiently

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: In ecology, a closed system is one that does not exchange matter with its surroundings but can exchange energy. This means that while energy can enter or leave the system, the amount of matter within the system remains constant. This definition aligns with option A, making it the correct answer. Options B and C are incorrect because a closed system does not exchange matter, and option D is not directly related to the definition of a closed system in ecology.

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