Nursing Elites

1. The discovery of nuclear fission is credited to:

• A. Marie Curie
• B. Albert Einstein
• C. Enrico Fermi
• D. Ernest Rutherford

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Enrico Fermi. Enrico Fermi is credited with the discovery of nuclear fission. In 1934, Fermi conducted experiments in which he bombarded uranium atoms with neutrons, leading to the splitting of the uranium nucleus and the release of energy. This groundbreaking discovery laid the foundation for the development of nuclear reactors and atomic bombs. Marie Curie made significant contributions to the field of radioactivity, but she did not discover nuclear fission. Albert Einstein is known for his theory of relativity, not for the discovery of nuclear fission. Ernest Rutherford made important contributions to the understanding of atomic structure, but he did not discover nuclear fission. Therefore, Enrico Fermi is the correct answer for the discovery of nuclear fission.

2. The process by which a cell divides to produce two daughter cells is called:

• A. Mitosis
• B. Meiosis
• C. Differentiation
• D. Transformation

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: "Mitosis." Mitosis is the process of cell division in which a cell duplicates its chromosomes and divides into two identical daughter cells. This is a crucial mechanism for growth, repair, and maintenance of multicellular organisms. Meiosis (option B) is a different type of cell division that produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes. Differentiation (option C) refers to the process by which cells become specialized for specific functions. Transformation (option D) is a term used in molecular biology to describe the uptake of foreign DNA by a cell. In this question, the specific process of cell division leading to the production of two daughter cells aligns with mitosis.

3. What is the periodic table?

• A. A table of elements that are arranged in order of increasing atomic number.
• B. A table of elements that are arranged in order of increasing atomic mass.
• C. A table of elements that are arranged in order of their reactivity.
• D. A table of elements that are arranged in order of their color.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of the chemical elements, organized on the basis of their atomic number, electron configurations, and recurring chemical properties. Elements are arranged in rows (periods) and columns (groups) with similar properties. The elements are listed in order of increasing atomic number, which is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. This arrangement reveals a periodic repetition of chemical properties, which is the basis of the periodic law.

4. Which of the following best describes a balanced force acting on an object?

• A. The object remains at rest
• B. The object moves with constant velocity
• C. The object accelerates
• D. The object's mass changes

Correct answer: b

Rationale: When balanced forces act on an object, the object remains in a state of constant velocity (including at rest).

5. Which of the following is the neutral subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom?

• A. Electron
• B. Proton
• C. Neutron
• D. Positron

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Neutrons are subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom that have no charge. They have a mass of approximately 1 atomic mass unit (amu). The number of neutrons in an atom's nucleus contributes to the mass number of the atom, which is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

6. What is the role of DNA in evolution?

• A. It stores genetic information that can be passed on to offspring
• B. It allows for mutations that can introduce new variations
• C. It regulates the expression of genes that influence traits
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: A) DNA stores genetic information that is passed on from parents to offspring through the process of reproduction. This genetic information contains instructions for the development and functioning of an organism. B) DNA can undergo mutations, which are changes in the genetic sequence. These mutations can introduce new variations in the DNA, leading to genetic diversity within a population. C) DNA plays a crucial role in regulating the expression of genes. Gene expression determines which proteins are produced in an organism, influencing its traits and characteristics. D) Therefore, DNA is involved in all of the above processes, making it a key factor in evolution by driving genetic variation, inheritance, and gene expression.

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