Nursing Elites

1. The speed of light in a vacuum is measured in units of:

• A. Meters per second
• B. Hertz
• C. Candela
• D. Newton

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Meters per second.' The speed of light in a vacuum is a fundamental constant of nature and is approximately 299,792,458 meters per second. This speed is constant and does not vary based on the frequency or wavelength of light. Hertz (B) is a unit of frequency, Candela (C) is a unit of luminous intensity, and Newton (D) is a unit of force. Understanding the units used to measure the speed of light is important in physics and related fields to accurately describe the propagation of light in different mediums.

2. Which of the following best describes the function of the pericardium?

• A. It regulates blood flow through valves within the heart.
• B. It acts as a protective sac surrounding the heart.
• C. It generates the electrical impulses for heart contractions.
• D. It transmits electrical signals between the atria and ventricles.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: "It acts as a protective sac surrounding the heart." The pericardium is a double-layered membrane that surrounds and protects the heart, providing physical support and preventing overexpansion. It also helps reduce friction between the heart and surrounding structures during heartbeats. Options A, C, and D are incorrect as they describe functions of other parts of the heart such as valves, electrical impulse generation, and transmission pathways, respectively. Understanding the role of the pericardium in protecting the heart is crucial for comprehending the anatomical and physiological aspects of the cardiovascular system.

3. She checks the documentary requirements for the applicants for staff nurse position. Which

• A. Certificate of previous employment
• B. Record of related learning experience (RLE)
• C. Membership to accredited professional organization
• D. Professional identification card

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Membership to accredited professional organization.' When hiring staff nurses, verifying their membership to an accredited professional organization is crucial as it ensures that the applicant is recognized and affiliated with a reputable body in the nursing field. This membership signifies adherence to professional standards and ongoing education and development. While the other options are important in assessing a candidate's qualifications, membership to an accredited professional organization directly relates to the professional standing and commitment to the nursing profession, making it a key documentary requirement for the staff nurse position.

4. When light reflects from a surface, what determines the angle of reflection?

• A. The material of the surface
• B. The wavelength of the light
• C. The angle of incidence
• D. The intensity of the light

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The angle of reflection is always equal to the angle of incidence according to the law of reflection, regardless of the material, wavelength, or intensity.

5. During which phase of the cell cycle does cytokinesis typically occur?

• A. Interphase
• B. Mitosis
• C. Meiosis
• D. G2 phase

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: Cytokinesis is the process of dividing the cytoplasm of a cell into two daughter cells after the nucleus has divided during mitosis. In the cell cycle, cytokinesis typically occurs at the end of the mitotic phase, following the separation of the duplicated chromosomes into two identical sets in the daughter nuclei. Interphase (option A) is the phase where the cell grows, carries out its normal functions, and prepares for cell division. Meiosis (option C) is a specialized type of cell division that occurs in sexually reproducing organisms to produce gametes. G2 phase (option D) is the phase of the cell cycle following DNA replication in S phase and preceding mitosis, where the cell prepares for cell division.

6. Dandruff is caused by

• A. Excessive sebum production (This can contribute to oily dandruff)
• B. Bacterial infection (This can cause scalp folliculitis, not dandruff)
• C. Overgrowth of a specific type of fungus on the scalp
• D. Lack of proper skin hydration

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Dandruff is primarily caused by an overgrowth of a specific type of fungus called Malassezia on the scalp. This fungus feeds on the natural oils produced by the hair follicles, leading to an inflammatory response in some individuals, resulting in flaking and itching. Excessive sebum production can contribute to oily dandruff by providing more food for the fungus. Bacterial infections, such as scalp folliculitis, can cause symptoms similar to dandruff but are not the primary cause. Lack of proper skin hydration can contribute to dry scalp conditions but is not the main cause of dandruff.

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