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Nursing Elites

ATI TEAS 7

Anatomy

1. The microscopic units responsible for muscle contraction are called

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Sarcomeres. Sarcomeres are the fundamental contractile units of skeletal muscle. They are composed of overlapping actin and myosin filaments that slide past each other during muscle contraction, resulting in muscle shortening. Neurons (A) are nerve cells that transmit signals to and from the brain. Myofibrils (B) are thread-like structures within muscle fibers that contain sarcomeres. Tendons (C) are fibrous connective tissues that attach muscles to bones, but they are not directly involved in muscle contraction like sarcomeres are.

2. Entropy (S) is a thermodynamic property related to the system's disorder. According to the second law of thermodynamics, in a spontaneous process:

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Entropy is a measure of a system's disorder or randomness. According to the second law of thermodynamics, in a spontaneous process, the total entropy of the system and surroundings increases, leading to a higher level of disorder or randomness. This increase in total entropy is consistent with the idea that systems tend towards higher entropy states over time. Therefore, option A is correct because it aligns with the principle that the total entropy of a closed system, including both the system and its surroundings, will increase in a spontaneous process.

3. What effect does doubling the net force applied to an object have on its acceleration, assuming mass remains constant?

Correct answer: a

Rationale: According to Newton's second law (F = ma), if mass remains constant and force doubles, acceleration also doubles.

4. The formula for calculating heart rate is HR = (220 - age) * 0.65. If a patient's heart rate is 136.5, what is their age?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rearrange the formula to solve for age: age = 220 - (HR / 0.65). Substitute the heart rate (136.5) to get 40 years old.

5. Which statement is TRUE about valence electrons?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: They are most likely to participate in chemical bonding - Valence electrons occupy the outermost shell and are readily involved in forming bonds with other atoms.

6. Percent Increase/Decrease: A medication dosage is increased by 20%. If the original dosage was 100mg, what is the new dosage?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Multiply the original dosage (100mg) by 1 + the percentage increase (20% = 0.2) to get 120mg.

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