Nursing Elites

1. What is the recommended daily intake of protein for adults to maintain healthy muscle mass?

• A. 0.5 grams per kilogram of body weight
• B. 1 gram per kilogram of body weight
• C. 1.5 grams per kilogram of body weight
• D. 2 grams per kilogram of body weight

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The recommended daily intake of protein for adults to maintain healthy muscle mass is 1.5 grams per kilogram of body weight. Protein is essential for muscle repair and growth, and consuming an adequate amount helps support overall muscle health. 1 gram per kilogram of body weight is generally recommended for sedentary individuals, but for those looking to maintain or build muscle mass, a higher intake of 1.5 grams per kilogram of body weight is advised. Consuming too little protein can lead to muscle loss, while consuming too much may strain the kidneys. Therefore, 1.5 grams per kilogram of body weight strikes a balance for most adults looking to support their muscle health.

2. Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting which neurotransmitter?

• A. Dopamine
• B. Acetylcholine
• C. Serotonin
• D. Glutamate

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Dopamine. Parkinson's disease is characterized by a progressive loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter responsible for transmitting signals in the brain that control movement and coordination. A decrease in dopamine levels leads to the typical motor symptoms of Parkinson's, such as tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia. Acetylcholine (option B) is involved in muscle movement but is not primarily affected in Parkinson's disease. Serotonin (option C) and glutamate (option D) are neurotransmitters that play different roles in the brain and are not primarily associated with Parkinson's disease. Therefore, the correct neurotransmitter affected in Parkinson's disease is dopamine.

3. Nuclear fission is a process characterized by:

• A. A heavy nucleus capturing a neutron and releasing energy
• B. The fusion of two nuclei to form a heavier element
• C. A lighter element emitting an alpha particle through radioactive decay
• D. An electron being absorbed by the nucleus with the release of a gamma ray

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Nuclear fission is a process characterized by a heavy nucleus capturing a neutron and splitting into smaller nuclei, releasing a significant amount of energy in the form of heat and radiation. This differs from nuclear fusion, which involves the merging of two lighter nuclei to form a heavier element. The emission of an alpha particle by a lighter element is a form of radioactive decay, not fission. Absorption of an electron by the nucleus with the release of a gamma ray is not representative of fission reactions. Therefore, option A correctly describes the process of nuclear fission.

4. Which of the following factors would NOT affect the solubility of a solid solute in a liquid solvent?

• A. Temperature
• B. Pressure
• C. Particle size
• D. Nature of the solute and solvent

Correct answer: b

Rationale: Pressure does not significantly affect the solubility of solid solutes in liquid solvents. The other choices are factors that can influence solubility.

5. What property of matter refers to the amount of space occupied by an object?

• A. Mass
• B. Volume
• C. Weight
• D. Density

Correct answer: b

Rationale: Volume measures the amount of space occupied by an object.

6. Which of the following is an example of a weak acid?

• A. Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
• B. Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
• C. Acetic acid (CH3COOH)
• D. Nitric acid (HNO3)

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Weak acids only partially dissociate in water, releasing a lower concentration of hydrogen ions.

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